论文标题
迈向多模式充电网络:充电站的联合规划和电动车骑行舰队的电池交换站
Towards a Multimodal Charging Network: Joint Planning of Charging Stations and Battery Swapping Stations for Electrified Ride-Hailing Fleets
论文作者
论文摘要
本文考虑了一个多模式充电网络,在该网络中,充电站和电池交换站共同构建,以协同支撑电动乘车舰队。我们的论点是基于这样的观察,即充电电动汽车是一项耗时的负担,并且由于其部署成本,电池交换面对缩放问题。但是,充电站具有成本效益,使其非常适合扩大电动汽车舰队,而电池交换站则可以快速周转,并且可以与充电站一起部署,以改善车队利用率并降低运营成本。为了实现这一愿景,我们考虑了一个乘车平台,该平台共同建造充电和电池交换站以支持电动汽车车队。提出了一个优化模型来捕获平台的计划和操作决策。特别是,该模型结合了必不可少的组件,例如弹性乘客需求,空间充电平衡,充电和交换拥塞等。总体问题被表述为非期权程序。我们没有追求全球最佳的解决方案,而是通过放松和分解建立了一个紧密的上限,即使在没有凹陷的情况下,我们也可以评估解决方案的最佳性。通过对纽约市曼哈顿的案例研究,我们发现,充电和电池交换站的联合计划优于部署其中一个,产生的总利润比预算有限的仅交换部署的总利润高11.7%,比在足够的预算中收取只有17.5%的部署。这些结果强调了充电和电池交换设施之间的互补益处。
This paper considers a multimodal charging network in which charging stations and battery swapping stations are jointly built to support an electric ride-hailing fleet synergistically. Our argument is based on the observation that charging an EV is a time-consuming burden, and battery swapping faces scaling issues due to its deployment costs. However, charging stations are cost-effective, making them ideal for scaling up EV fleets, while battery swapping stations offer quick turnaround and can be deployed in tandem with charging stations to improve fleet utilization and reduce operational costs. To fulfill this vision, we consider a ride-hailing platform that jointly builds charging and battery swapping stations to support an EV fleet. An optimization model is proposed to capture the platform's planning and operational decisions. In particular, the model incorporates essential components such as elastic passenger demand, spatial charging equilibrium, charging and swapping congestion, etc. The overall problem is formulated as a nonconcave program. Instead of pursuing the globally optimal solution, we establish a tight upper bound through relaxation and decomposition, allowing us to evaluate the solution optimality even in the absence of concavity. Through case studies for Manhattan, New York City, we find that joint planning of charging and battery swapping stations outperforms deploying only one of them, yielding a total profit that is 11.7% higher than swapping-only deployment under a limited budget, and 17.5% higher than charging-only deployment under a sufficient budget. These results underscore the complementary benefit between charging and battery swapping facilities.