论文标题
天体中微子的磁矩
Magnetic Moments of Astrophysical Neutrinos
论文作者
论文摘要
我们研究了中微子磁矩对天体物理中微子的影响，特别是超新星中微子和超高的能量中微子的影响。我们表明，磁矩诱导的左手中微子转化为无法观察的右撇子单线状态可以显着改变地球这些中微子的通量和风味组成。值得注意的是，超新星的中微子中微子的中微子爆发，其通量可以通过O（10％）精度预测，可为中微子磁矩$ \ sim \ sim \ text {少量} \ times 10^{ - 13}μ_b$，最多低于当前限制。对于不存在稳定的通量预测的高能源中微子，我们展示了如何将地球的风味组成用作建立不可忽略的磁矩的处理，如果可以从衡量的单元中，则可能降低到$ \ text {fight} \ text {firce} {firce {fight times times fimes text {-17} n} v {-17}μ_b$。在这两种情况下，灵敏度都在很大程度上取决于银河系的resp。沿视线沿着视线的磁场轮廓。因此，虽然可能发现磁矩的值很小，但没有发现并不意味着同样强的极限。我们还评论了结果对右手中微子质量的依赖性，特别注意从经典磁场的连贯偏转到不一致的散射对单个散射目标的过渡。最后，我们表明，在相当乐观但不是完全令人发指的假设下，使用高能天体物理中微子的风味比，可以实现标准模型dirac中微子磁矩的测量，即$ 10^{ - 19}μ_b$。
We study the impact of neutrino magnetic moments on astrophysical neutrinos, in particular supernova neutrinos and ultra-high energy neutrinos from extragalactic sources. We show that magnetic moment-induced conversion of left-handed neutrinos into unobservable right-handed singlet states can substantially change the flux and flavour composition of these neutrinos at Earth. Notably, neutrinos from a supernova's neutronisation burst, whose flux can be predicted with O(10%) accuracy, offer a discovery reach to neutrino magnetic moments $\sim \text{few} \times 10^{-13} μ_B$, up to one order of magnitude below current limits. For high-energy neutrinos from distant sources, for which no robust flux prediction exists, we show how the flavour composition at Earth can be used as a handle to establish the presence of non-negligible magnetic moments, potentially down to $\text{few} \times 10^{-17} μ_B$ if the measurement can be performed on neutrinos from a single source. In both cases, the sensitivity strongly depends on the galactic resp. intergalactic magnetic field profiles along the line of sight. Therefore, while a discovery is possible down to very small values of the magnetic moment, the absence of a discovery does not imply an equally strong limit. We also comment on the dependence of our results on the right-handed neutrino mass, paying special attention to the transition from coherent deflection by a classical magnetic field to incoherent scattering on individual scattering targets. Finally, we show that a measurement of Standard Model Dirac neutrino magnetic moments, of order $10^{-19} μ_B$, could be possible under rather optimistic, but not completely outrageous, assumptions using flavour ratios of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos.
