论文标题
语义通信安全吗?多域对抗攻击的故事
Is Semantic Communications Secure? A Tale of Multi-Domain Adversarial Attacks
论文作者
论文摘要
语义通信试图从来源传输信息,同时将所需的含义传达给目的地。我们将发射器接收器功能建模为自动编码器,然后将任务分类器评估传达给接收器的信息的含义。自动编码器由发射机处的编码器组成,可共同模型源编码,通道编码和调制,以及在接收方的解码器,以共同模型解调,通道解码和源解码。通过通过语义损失来增强重建损失,该编码器删除对的两个深神经网络(DNN)与语义任务分类器的DNN进行了交互训练。这种方法有效地捕获了潜在特征空间,并可靠地传输了少量通道用途的压缩特征向量,同时保持语义损失较低。我们确定使用DNN进行语义通信的多域安全漏洞。基于对抗机器学习,我们通过在语义通信的不同阶段操纵其输入来引入对DNNS的测试时间(针对性和非目标)对抗性攻击。作为计算机视觉攻击,在发射器编码器的输入处注入了小的扰动。作为无线攻击,小型扰动信号被传输以干扰接收器解码器的输入。通过以多域攻击为单独或更有效地启动这些隐形攻击,我们表明即使重建损失仍然较低,也可以更改转移信息的语义。这些多域对抗性攻击对信息传输语义的严重威胁(比传统干扰更大)构成了严重威胁,并提高了对安全采用语义通信的防御方法的需求。
Semantic communications seeks to transfer information from a source while conveying a desired meaning to its destination. We model the transmitter-receiver functionalities as an autoencoder followed by a task classifier that evaluates the meaning of the information conveyed to the receiver. The autoencoder consists of an encoder at the transmitter to jointly model source coding, channel coding, and modulation, and a decoder at the receiver to jointly model demodulation, channel decoding and source decoding. By augmenting the reconstruction loss with a semantic loss, the two deep neural networks (DNNs) of this encoder-decoder pair are interactively trained with the DNN of the semantic task classifier. This approach effectively captures the latent feature space and reliably transfers compressed feature vectors with a small number of channel uses while keeping the semantic loss low. We identify the multi-domain security vulnerabilities of using the DNNs for semantic communications. Based on adversarial machine learning, we introduce test-time (targeted and non-targeted) adversarial attacks on the DNNs by manipulating their inputs at different stages of semantic communications. As a computer vision attack, small perturbations are injected to the images at the input of the transmitter's encoder. As a wireless attack, small perturbations signals are transmitted to interfere with the input of the receiver's decoder. By launching these stealth attacks individually or more effectively in a combined form as a multi-domain attack, we show that it is possible to change the semantics of the transferred information even when the reconstruction loss remains low. These multi-domain adversarial attacks pose as a serious threat to the semantics of information transfer (with larger impact than conventional jamming) and raise the need of defense methods for the safe adoption of semantic communications.