论文标题

部分可观测时空混沌系统的无模型预测

NFNet: Non-interacting Fermion Network for Efficient Simulation of Large-scale Quantum Systems

论文作者

Zhai, Pengyuan, Yelin, Susanne

论文摘要

储层计算是预测湍流的有力工具,其简单的架构具有处理大型系统的计算效率。然而,其实现通常需要完整的状态向量测量和系统非线性知识。我们使用非线性投影函数将系统测量扩展到高维空间,然后将其输入到储层中以获得预测。我们展示了这种储层计算网络在时空混沌系统上的应用,该系统模拟了湍流的若干特征。我们表明,使用径向基函数作为非线性投影器,即使只有部分观测并且不知道控制方程,也能稳健地捕捉复杂的系统非线性。最后,我们表明,当测量稀疏、不完整且带有噪声,甚至控制方程变得不准确时,我们的网络仍然可以产生相当准确的预测,从而为实际湍流系统的无模型预测铺平了道路。

We present NFNet, a PyTorch-based framework for polynomial-time simulation of large-scale, continuously controlled quantum systems, supporting parallel matrix computation and auto-differentiation of network parameters. It is based on the non-interacting Fermionic formalism that relates the Matchgates by Valiant to a physical analogy of non-interacting Fermions in one dimension as introduced by Terhal and DiVincenzo. Given an input bit string $\boldsymbol{x}$, NFNet computes the probability $p(\boldsymbol{y}|\boldsymbol{x})=\langle x|U_θ^\dagger Π_y U_θ|x\rangle$ of observing the bit string $\boldsymbol{y}$, which can be a sub or full-system measurement on the evolved quantum state $U_{\mathbfθ}|x\rangle$, where $\mathbfθ$ is the set of continuous rotation parameters, and the unitary $U_{\mathbfθ}$'s underlying Hamiltonians are not restricted to nearest-neighbor interactions. We first review the mathematical formulation of the Matchgate to Fermionic mapping with additional matrix decomposition derivations, and then show that on top of the pair-wise circuit gates documented in Terhal and DiVincenzo, the Fermionic formalism can also simulate evolutions whose Hamiltonians are sums of arbitrary two-Fermion-mode interactions. We then document the design philosophy of NFNet, its software structure, and demonstrate its usage in various quantum system simulation, benchmarking, and quantum learning tasks involving 512+ qubits. As NFNet is both an efficient large-scale quantum simulator, and a quantum-inspired classical computing network structure, many more exciting topics are worth exploring, such as its connection to recurrent neural networks, discrete generative learning and discrete normalizing flow. NFNet source code can be found at https://github.com/BILLYZZ/NFNet.

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