论文标题
非平衡稳态中的耗散对称性断裂
Dissipative symmetry breaking in non-equilibrium steady states
论文作者
论文摘要
耗散与对称破坏之间的联系是统计物理学的长期谜。它与对非平衡函数的追求密切相关，该函数的最小化给出了非平衡稳态（NESS）。写下这样的功能性，我们表明，在存在加性噪声的情况下，任何NES的特征在于最小熵产生与轨迹空间中循环的最大耗散兼容的最小熵产生。该结果阐明了多余的熵产生原理和手性对称性的发作，破坏了平衡外，这表明管家耗散与在优先方向上执行周期的趋势有关。最后，当存在乘法噪声时，我们发现非平衡函数具有两个耗散对称性的贡献，一种是由周期造成的，另一个是由嗜热效应的。我们的框架为理解选择现象的方式铺平了道路，因为是由非平衡耗散驱动的对称性破坏过程。
The connection between dissipation and symmetry breaking is a long-standing enigma in statistical physics. It is intimately connected to the quest of a non-equilibrium functional whose minimization gives the non-equilibrium steady state (NESS). Writing down such a functional, we show that, in the presence of additive noise, any NESS is characterized by the minimum entropy production compatible with the maximum dissipation along cycles in the trajectory space. This result sheds light on the excess entropy production principle and the onset of chiral symmetry breaking out-of-equilibrium, indicating that the housekeeping dissipation is connected with the tendency of performing cycles in a preferential direction. Finally, when multiplicative noise is present, we find that the non-equilibrium functional has two dissipative symmetry-breaking contributions, one stemming from cycles and the other from a thermophoresis-like effect. Our framework paves the way to understand selection phenomena as symmetry-breaking processes driven by non-equilibrium dissipation.
