论文标题
通过样式转移的因果推断,以进行分发概括
Causal Inference via Style Transfer for Out-of-distribution Generalisation
论文作者
论文摘要
分布外(OOD)的概括旨在构建一个模型,该模型可以使用来自多个源域的知识在看不见的目标域上很好地概括。为此,该模型应寻求输入和标签之间的因果关系,这可能取决于输入的语义,并在跨域中保持不变。但是,统计或非因果方法通常无法捕获这种依赖性,并且由于不考虑通过未观察到的混杂因素从模型培训中学到的虚假相关性而表现不佳。众所周知的现有因果推理方法(例如后门调整)不能应用于删除虚假相关性,因为它需要观察混杂因素。在本文中,我们提出了一种新颖的方法,该方法通过成功实施前门调整(FA)来有效地处理隐藏的混杂因素。 FA需要选择调解人,我们将其视为图像的语义信息,这些信息有助于访问因果机制,而无需观察混杂因素。此外,我们建议通过样式转移算法估算中介人与前门公式中其他观察到的图像的组合。我们将样式转移用于估计FA的使用是新颖的,并且对于OOD的概括来说是明智的,我们通过广泛使用的基准数据集通过广泛的实验结果证明了这一点。
Out-of-distribution (OOD) generalisation aims to build a model that can generalise well on an unseen target domain using knowledge from multiple source domains. To this end, the model should seek the causal dependence between inputs and labels, which may be determined by the semantics of inputs and remain invariant across domains. However, statistical or non-causal methods often cannot capture this dependence and perform poorly due to not considering spurious correlations learnt from model training via unobserved confounders. A well-known existing causal inference method like back-door adjustment cannot be applied to remove spurious correlations as it requires the observation of confounders. In this paper, we propose a novel method that effectively deals with hidden confounders by successfully implementing front-door adjustment (FA). FA requires the choice of a mediator, which we regard as the semantic information of images that helps access the causal mechanism without the need for observing confounders. Further, we propose to estimate the combination of the mediator with other observed images in the front-door formula via style transfer algorithms. Our use of style transfer to estimate FA is novel and sensible for OOD generalisation, which we justify by extensive experimental results on widely used benchmark datasets.