论文标题
结构转变和环境外部性
Structural transformation and environmental externalities
论文作者
论文摘要
即使政策制定者试图通过解决由于劳动力市场的摩擦而解决的不当分配来鼓励经济发展，相关的生产外部性（例如空气污染）仍未得到探索。使用回归不连续设计，我们显示对农村道路的通道增加了农业火灾和颗粒物的排放。农业劳动力出口是导致农业火灾增加的可能机制：农村道路会导致工人从农业中移动，并诱使农民使用火灾（一种避免劳动力但污染的技术）清除农业残留物或使收获减少劳动力较少。总体而言，由于乡村道路而导致的大火在下风的位置将婴儿死亡率提高了5.5％。
Even as policymakers seek to encourage economic development by addressing misallocation due to frictions in labor markets, the associated production externalities - such as air pollution - remain unexplored. Using a regression discontinuity design, we show access to rural roads increases agricultural fires and particulate emissions. Farm labor exits are a likely mechanism responsible for the increase in agricultural fires: rural roads cause movement of workers out of agriculture and induce farmers to use fire - a labor-saving but polluting technology - to clear agricultural residue or to make harvesting less labor-intensive. Overall, the adoption of fires due to rural roads increases infant mortality rate by 5.5% in downwind locations.
