论文标题
早期形成的巨大恒星抑制恒星形成和分层群集组装
Early-Forming Massive Stars Suppress Star Formation and Hierarchical Cluster Assembly
论文作者
论文摘要
来自大型恒星的反馈在恒星簇的形成中起着重要作用。一个非常庞大的恒星是在集群形成时间表早期还是晚期出生，对星团的形成和组装过程都有深远的影响。我们进行了一个受控的实验，以表征早期形成的大型恒星对恒星簇形成的影响。 We use the star formation software suite \texttt{Torch}, combining self-gravitating magnetohydrodynamics, ray-tracing radiative transfer, $N$-body dynamics, and stellar feedback to model four initially identical $10^4$ M$_\odot$ giant molecular clouds with a Gaussian density profile peaking at $521.5 \mbox{ cm}^{ - 3} $。使用\ texttt {torch}软件套件通过\ texttt {amuse}框架，我们修改了三个模型，以确保形成的第一个恒星非常大（50、70、100 m $ _ \ odot $）。早期形成的巨星破坏了出生气体结构，从而导致恒星形成区域的气体快速撤离。恒星形成速率被抑制，减少了形成的恒星的总质量。我们没有早期大型恒星的基金控制模型的恒星形成率和总效率较大，高达三倍，平均恒星形成效率较高，每次自由下降时间高达7倍。早期形成的大型恒星促进了空间分离和重力未结合的子集群的积聚，而对照模型则形成了一个巨大的群集。
Feedback from massive stars plays an important role in the formation of star clusters. Whether a very massive star is born early or late in the cluster formation timeline has profound implications for the star cluster formation and assembly processes. We carry out a controlled experiment to characterize the effects of early-forming massive stars on star cluster formation. We use the star formation software suite \texttt{Torch}, combining self-gravitating magnetohydrodynamics, ray-tracing radiative transfer, $N$-body dynamics, and stellar feedback to model four initially identical $10^4$ M$_\odot$ giant molecular clouds with a Gaussian density profile peaking at $521.5 \mbox{ cm}^{-3}$. Using the \texttt{Torch} software suite through the \texttt{AMUSE} framework we modify three of the models to ensure that the first star that forms is very massive (50, 70, 100 M$_\odot$). Early-forming massive stars disrupt the natal gas structure, resulting in fast evacuation of the gas from the star forming region. The star formation rate is suppressed, reducing the total mass of stars formed. Our fiducial control model without an early massive star has a larger star formation rate and total efficiency by up to a factor of three and a higher average star formation efficiency per free-fall time by up to a factor of seven. Early-forming massive stars promote the buildup of spatially separate and gravitationally unbound subclusters, while the control model forms a single massive cluster.
