学术文献库

We develop a cosmological theory in which the evolution of the universe is controlled by the cosmological constant and dominated by the associated vacuum energy. The universe starts as a classical de Sitter space with an infinite effective vacuum energy density, which decreases subsequently like 1/t^3. The corresponding Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) scale factor also decreases over time, showing that the common assumption that it describes the expansion of the universe is incorrect and should be abandoned. Instead, the (cubic) expansion of the universe is needed to satisfy energy conservation. Once the vacuum energy density has decreased to the Planck level the first elementary particles can be created through a direct conversion of vacuum energy. After this epoch, the enormous kinetic energy enables a quick magnification of the number of particles through ordinary production processes in tandem with the expansion of space. The dominance of vacuum (dark) energy is supposed to persist into later epochs, which enables a perturbative treatment of matter and radiation leading to linear equations, which replace the usual FRW equations. The presence of matter changes the vacuum metric, inducing a secondary matter term which might explain the phenomenon of dark matter. Together with a similar induced radiation term, it provides a possible explanation for the recent acceleration of the expansion of the universe. The theory unifies particle physics and cosmology by expressing particle physics units in terms of the gravitational and cosmological constant. This relationship also explains a number of numerical coincidences which have long puzzled physicists.