论文标题
平衡数字的空中计算
Over-the-Air Computation over Balanced Numerals
论文作者
论文摘要
在这项研究中，提出了用于实现连续值梯度聚合的数字空地计算方案。结果表明，可以使用相应数字的平均值来计算一组实价参数的平均值，其中数字是根据平衡数字系统获得的。通过使用此属性，提出的方案将局部梯度编码为一组数字。然后，它通过使用数字值来确定激活的正交频施加（OFDM）子载体的位置。为了消除需要精确的样本级时同步，通道估计开销以及由于通道反转引起的功率不稳定性，提出的方案还使用边缘服务器（ES）的非连接接收器，并且不利用边缘设备（EDS）的预先等式。最后，得出了所提出的方案的理论平均误差（MSE）性能，并证明了其在联合边缘学习（FEES）的性能。
In this study, a digital over-the-air computation (OAC) scheme for achieving continuous-valued gradient aggregation is proposed. It is shown that the average of a set of real-valued parameters can be calculated approximately by using the average of the corresponding numerals, where the numerals are obtained based on a balanced number system. By using this property, the proposed scheme encodes the local gradients into a set of numerals. It then determines the positions of the activated orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) subcarriers by using the values of the numerals. To eliminate the need for a precise sample-level time synchronization, channel estimation overhead, and power instabilities due to the channel inversion, the proposed scheme also uses a non-coherent receiver at the edge server (ES) and does not utilize a pre-equalization at the edge devices (EDs). Finally, the theoretical mean squared error (MSE) performance of the proposed scheme is derived and its performance for federated edge learning (FEEL) is demonstrated.
