论文标题

量子状态的本地无法识别的子集及其在秘密密码分布中的机智

Locally unidentifiable subset of quantum states and its resourcefulness in secret password distribution

论文作者

Ghosal, Pratik, Ghosal, Arkaprabha, Ghosh, Subhendu B., Mukherjee, Amit

论文摘要

我们引入了一种迄今未探索的量子非局部性形式,称为局部子集不识别性,这是由于空间分离的各方的限制而产生的,以完美地识别相互正交的多部分量子状态的子集,该子集使用较大的已知集合,使用局部操作和经典交流(LOCC)随机从较大的已知集合中随机选择。我们表明,这种非销售性比其他现有形式的量子非局部性更强,例如局部难以区分和局部不可标记。如果以依次有序的方式将来自本地难以区分的集合的多个多部分状态分布在空间分离的各方之间,则它们可能会或可能不会标记哪种状态是使用LOCC。但是,我们表明,即使当事方无法标记各州,他们仍然可以在本地识别给他们的特定状态,尽管不是他们的命令 - 即,他们可以识别给定国家子集的要素。然后,我们证明了这些子集的存在,这些子集甚至无法局部识别,从而表现出更强的非局部性。我们还介绍了这种非局部性的真正版本 - 真正的子集无法识别 - 除非所有各方都在共同位置并执行全球测量结果,否则提供的子集仍然无法识别。我们预计这种非销售性在未来的量子技术中的潜在应用。我们在特定的秘密密码分发协议中讨论一个这样的应用程序,在该协议中,这种非局部性优于其前身作为资源。

We introduce a hitherto unexplored form of quantum nonlocality, termed local subset unidentifiability, that arises from the limitation of spatially separated parties to perfectly identify a subset of mutually orthogonal multipartite quantum states, randomly chosen from a larger known set, using Local Operations and Classical Communication (LOCC). We show that this nonlocality is stronger than other existing forms of quantum nonlocality, such as local indistinguishability and local unmarkability. If more than one multipartite states from a locally indistinguishable set are distributed between spatially separated parties in a sequentially ordered fashion, then they may or may not mark which state is which using LOCC. However, we show that even when the parties cannot mark the states, they may still locally identify the particular states given to them, though not their order -- i.e., they can identify the elements of the given subset of states. Then we prove the existence of such subsets that are not even locally identifiable, thereby manifesting a stronger nonlocality. We also present the genuine version of this nonlocality -- genuine subset unidentifiability -- where the provided subset remains unidentifiable unless all the parties come together in a common location and perform global measurements. We anticipate potential applications of this nonlocality for future quantum technologies. We discuss one such application in a certain secret password distribution protocol, where this nonlocality outperforms its predecessors as a resource.

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