论文标题
在层状云中充电的液滴充电
Droplet charging in stratiform clouds
论文作者
论文摘要
液滴电荷在层状云中的作用是云微物理学中最知名的领域之一，被认为会影响云辐射和降水过程。层云覆盖了地球表面的很大一部分，对于调节行星辐射预算很重要。我们使用在大学天文台开发的新的遥感方法，我们证明了层状云的基部的电荷通常是负极性的，正如从理论上预期的那样，考虑到垂直电流流入和流出云的理论所期望的。使用气球婚姻仪器可以找到更详细的垂直电荷结构。我们先前使用原位气球观测的研究表明，平均而言，宽大电荷极性和位置与上边缘处正电荷的理论预测一致，下边缘处的负电荷。在这里，我们介绍了来自各种层状云的液滴的光学和电荷测量，这证明了观察到的典型变异性。
The role of droplet charge in stratiform clouds is one of the least well understood areas in cloud microphysics and is thought to affect cloud radiative and precipitation processes. Layer clouds cover a large proportion of the Earth's surface and are important in regulating the planetary radiation budget. Using a new remote sensing method developed at our University Observatory, we demonstrate that charge in the base of stratiform clouds is typically of negative polarity, as expected from theory considering the vertical current flow into and out of the cloud. More detailed vertical charge structure of layer clouds can be found using balloon-carried instruments. Our previous research using in situ balloon observations has demonstrated that, on average, the bulk charge polarity and location agrees with theoretical predictions of positive charge at the upper edge and negative charge at the lower edge. Here we present optical and charge measurements of droplets from a variety of stratiform clouds, demonstrating the typical variability which is observed.
