论文标题
多代理系统中的集体适应：捕食者混乱如何形成类似群的行为
Collective Adaptation in Multi-Agent Systems: How Predator Confusion Shapes Swarm-Like Behaviors
论文作者
论文摘要
关于集体适应起源的流行假设与两种基本行为有关：保护捕食者和综合寻找食物资源。在抗侵犯的解释中，捕食者混乱假设表明，在群体中移动的个体群体旨在压倒捕食者，而风险假说的稀释表明，捕食者靶向的单个猎物的概率在较大的群体中较低。在本文中，我们探讨了新兴行为是如何由捕食者驱动的过程引起的，作为对被视为威胁的外部刺激的适应性反应。此外，我们建议一个捕食者的混乱过程，为猎物的发展群体形成提供选择性压力。我们分析了根据群体密度和形成，行为一致性，捕食者逃避和成功率以及觅食率而演变的觅食和猎物预言动力学。比较了两个代理的感知模型。一个本地观察模型，代理只能看到其附近的内容，以及一个全球观察模型，在该模型中，代理商可以始终看到捕食者。在模拟游戏环境中使用增强学习，将两种模型都进化为避免捕食者，觅食和避免碰撞。我们的结果表明，风险因素的稀释足以发展群体形成，而捕食者混乱效应可能在协作行为的演变中起重要作用。最后，我们展示了该社会秩序信息交换中的变化如何影响全球集体行为。
Popular hypotheses about the origins of collective adaptation are related to two basic behaviours: protection from predators and a combined search for food resources. Among the anti-predator explanations, the predator confusion hypothesis suggests that groups of individuals moving in a swarm aim to overwhelm the predator while the dilution of risk hypothesis suggests that the probability of a single prey being targeted by a predator is lower in larger groups. In this paper, we explore how emergent behaviors arise from a predator-driven process as an adaptive response to external stimuli perceived as threatening. Moreover, we suggest a predator confusion process to provide a selective pressure for the prey to evolve group formations. We analyze the foraging and prey-predator dynamics evolved in terms of group density and formation, behavior consistency, predator evasion and success rate, and foraging rate. Two agents' perceptual models are compared. A local observation model, where agents can only see what's in their immediate vicinity, and a global observation model, where agents are able to see the predator at all times. Both models were evolved for predator avoidance, foraging and collision avoidance, using reinforcement learning in a simulated game environment. Our results suggest that the dilution of risk factor is sufficient to evolve group formations, and the predator confusion effect could play an important role in the evolution of collaborative behaviors. Finally, we show how variations in the information exchange of this social order can impact the global collective behaviors.
