论文标题
通过签名网络分析和可视化两极分化和平衡：美国国会案例研究
Analyzing and visualizing polarization and balance with signed networks: the U.S. Congress case study
论文作者
论文摘要
签名的网络和平衡理论为现实情况提供了自然环境，这些场景显示出两极分化的动态，积极/消极的关系和政治党派。例如，事实证明，它们在研究第二次世界大战的美国国会两个议会中的投票日益化方面有效。 为了进一步了解此特定案例研究，我们提出了基于对相应的Laplacian矩阵的光谱属性的利用来分析和可视化签名图的配置的应用。总体方法可以根据挫败感指数与其他方法相媲美，但至少具有两个主要优点：首先，它需要较低的计算成本；其次，它允许对任意小的子图（甚至单个节点）对网络的总体平衡（或不平衡）的贡献进行定量和视觉评估。 拟议的管道允许探索1945年至2020年美国国会在不同分辨率量表的极化动力学。实际上，我们能够发现并指出一些国会议员在整体平衡中的影响，并观察和探索多年来两座的两极分化的演变。
Signed networks and balance theory provide a natural setting for real-world scenarios that show polarization dynamics, positive/negative relationships, and political partisanship. For example, they have been proven effective in studying the increasing polarization of the votes in the two chambers of the U.S. Congress from World War II on. To provide further insights into this particular case study, we propose the application of a pipeline to analyze and visualize a signed graph's configuration based on the exploitation of the corresponding Laplacian matrix' spectral properties. The overall methodology is comparable with others based on the frustration index, but it has at least two main advantages: first, it requires a much lower computational cost; second, it allows for a quantitative and visual assessment of how arbitrarily small subgraphs (even single nodes) contribute to the overall balance (or unbalance) of the network. The proposed pipeline allows the exploration of polarization dynamics shown by the U.S. Congress from 1945 to 2020 at different resolution scales. In fact, we are able to spot and point out the influence of some (groups of) congressmen in the overall balance, as well as to observe and explore polarization's evolution of both chambers across the years.
