论文标题
机会和收入再分配的不平等
Inequality of Opportunity and Income Redistribution
论文作者
论文摘要
机会（例如获得教育或家庭背景），通过影响经济成功的机会来影响收入不平等。不平等的机会会使成功是基于成绩还是基于运气的不确定性。我们研究了不确定性如何影响重新分配的偏好，将其与更透明的运气形式进行了比较。使用美国代表性样本，我们在两个环境中引起重新分配决定：当工人的收入直接受运气影响（“幸运的结果”）或间接（“幸运的机会”）时。观众重新分配较少，对机会下的运气差异的敏感性降低。推论挑战推动了这一差距，这意味着个人比以前的发现所暗示的要少。
Opportunities, such as access to education or family background, shape income inequality by influencing the chances of economic success. Unequal opportunities create uncertainty about whether success is merit- or luck-based. We examine how uncertainty impacts preferences for redistribution, comparing it to more transparent forms of luck. Using a U.S.-representative sample, we elicit redistribution decisions in two environments: when workers' earnings are influenced by luck directly ("lucky outcomes") or indirectly ("lucky opportunities"). Spectators redistribute less and are less sensitive to differences in luck under opportunities. Inferential challenges drive this gap, which implies that individuals are less meritocratic than previous findings suggest.
