论文标题
在恒星信封中被窒息的喷气机驱动的流出的速度分布
The velocity distribution of outflows driven by choked jets in stellar envelopes
论文作者
论文摘要
许多剥离的包络线超新星（SNE）呈现出高速材料的标志，负责在观察到的光谱中进行广泛的吸收线。这些包括与长伽马射线爆发（LGRB）和低亮度GRB（LLGRB）和与GRB无关的SNE相关的SNE。最近，有人提出这种高速材料起源于由相对论射流驱动的茧。在lgrb中，该喷气机成功地从恒星包膜中脱颖而出，而在与GRB无关的LLGRB和SNE中，喷气机被窒息。在这里，我们使用数值模拟来探索由窒息射流及其对射流和祖细胞特性的依赖性驱动的流出速度分布。我们发现，在所有情况下，在恒星中没有窒息太深，流出在较大速度上的适当速度的每个对数尺度的能量大致持续量，这主要取决于其突破时的茧体积。这是喷气机驱动的流出的普遍特性，在球形对称爆炸的流出或喷气机在恒星内非常深时，它不存在。因此，我们得出的结论是，被窒息的喷气式（不太深）提供了自然的解释，可自然解释与LGRB无关的剥离信封SNE的早期光谱中看到的快速材料，并且该材料的特性可以揭示有关其他隐藏的喷气机的信息。
Many stripped envelope supernovae (SNe) present a signature of high-velocity material responsible for broad absorption lines in the observed spectrum. These include SNe that are associated with long gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) and low-luminosity GRBs (llGRBs), and SNe that are not associated with GRBs. Recently it was suggested that this high velocity material originates from a cocoon that is driven by a relativistic jet. In LGRBs this jet breaks out successfully from the stellar envelope, while in llGRBs and SNe that are not associated with GRBs the jet is choked. Here we use numerical simulations to explore the velocity distribution of an outflow that is driven by a choked jet and its dependence on the jet and progenitor properties. We find that in all cases where the jet is not choked too deep within the star, the outflow carries a roughly constant amount of energy per logarithmic scale of proper velocity over a wide range of velocities, which depends mostly on the cocoon volume at the time of its breakout. This is a universal property of jets driven outflows, which does not exist in outflows of spherically symmetric explosions or when the jets are choked very deep within the star. We therefore conclude that jets that are choked (not too deep) provide a natural explanation to the fast material seen in the early spectra of stripped envelope SNe that are not associated with LGRBs and that properties of this material could reveal information on the otherwise hidden jets.
