论文标题
纳米级干滑动摩擦的速度依赖性
The velocity dependence of dry sliding friction at the nano-scale
论文作者
论文摘要
我们进行了分子动力学(MD)实验,以探索纳米级的干滑动摩擦。我们使用的是由由32,000铝原子组成的球形粒子组成的,该颗粒在半空间上放置在具有自由表面的半空间上,由一堆合并的石墨烯层建模。我们利用了与原子间相互作用的Comb3多体电位和Langevin恒温器的LAMMPS,使系统保持在$ 300 K $。我们在粒子上改变了正常载荷,并施加了不同的切向力,从而导致粒子滑动。基于仿真数据,我们证明了摩擦力$ f _ {\ rm fr} $线性地取决于滑动速度$ v $,即$ f _ {\ rm fr} =-γV$,其中$γ$是摩擦系数。观察到的依赖性与宏观Amontons-Coulomb定律形成鲜明对比,该法律预测了滑动摩擦的速度独立性。我们通过热起源的表面波动来解释这种依赖性,从而导致表面波纹阻碍滑动运动。该机制类似于施加在粘性液中的体内的粘性摩擦力。
We performed molecular dynamics (MD) experiments to explore dry sliding friction at the nanoscale. We used the setup comprised of a spherical particle built up of 32,000 aluminium atoms, resting on a semi-space with a free surface, modelled by a stack of merged graphene layers. We utilized LAMMPS with the COMB3 many-body potentials for the inter-atomic interactions and Langevin thermostat which kept the system at $300 K$. We varied the normal load on the particle and applied different tangential force, which caused the particle sliding. Based on the simulation data, we demonstrate that the friction force $F_{\rm fr}$ linearly depends on the sliding velocity $v$, that is, $F_{\rm fr}=-γv$, where $γ$ is the friction coefficient. The observed dependence is in a sharp contrast with the macroscopic Amontons-Coulomb laws, which predict the velocity independence of sliding friction. We explain such a dependence by surface fluctuations of the thermal origin, which give rise to surface corrugation hindering sliding motion. This mechanism is similar to that of the viscous friction force exerted on a body moving in viscous fluid.