学术文献库

Generalized hydrodynamics (GHD) is a recent theoretical approach that is becoming a go-to tool for characterizing out-of-equilibrium phenomena in integrable and near-integrable quantum many-body systems. Here, we benchmark its performance against an array of alternative theoretical methods, for an interacting one-dimensional Bose gas described by the Lieb-Liniger model. In particular, we study the evolution of both a localized density bump and dip, along with a quantum Newton's cradle setup, for various interaction strengths and initial equilibrium temperatures. We find that GHD generally performs very well at sufficiently high temperatures or strong interactions. For low temperatures and weak interactions, we highlight situations where GHD, while not capturing interference phenomena on short lengthscales, can describe a coarse-grained behaviour based on convolution averaging that mimics finite imaging resolution in ultracold atom experiments. In a quantum Newton's cradle setup based on a double-well to single-well trap quench, we find that GHD with diffusive corrections demonstrates excellent agreement with the predictions of a classical field approach.