论文标题

可识别非线性独立组件分析的功能类

Function Classes for Identifiable Nonlinear Independent Component Analysis

论文作者

Buchholz, Simon, Besserve, Michel, Schölkopf, Bernhard

论文摘要

潜在变量模型(LVM)的无监督学习被广泛用于表示机器学习中的数据。当这样的模型反映了地面真理因素和将它们映射到观察的机制时,有理由期望它们允许在下游任务中概括。但是,众所周知,如果在模型类上施加限制的情况下,这种可识别性保证通常是无法实现的。非线性独立组件分析是如此,其中LVM通过确定性的非线性函数将统计上独立的变量映射到观察。几个伪造解决方案的家庭完全适合数据,但是可以在通用环境中构建与地面真相因素相对应的。但是,最近的工作表明,限制此类模型的功能类别可能会促进可识别性。具体而言,已经提出了在Jacobian矩阵中收集的部分衍生物的函数类,例如正交坐标转换(OCT),它们强加了Jacobian柱的正交性。在目前的工作中,我们证明了这些转换的子类,共形图,是可识别的,并提供了新颖的理论结果,这表明OCT具有防止虚假解决方案家族在通用环境中破坏可识别性的特性。

Unsupervised learning of latent variable models (LVMs) is widely used to represent data in machine learning. When such models reflect the ground truth factors and the mechanisms mapping them to observations, there is reason to expect that they allow generalization in downstream tasks. It is however well known that such identifiability guaranties are typically not achievable without putting constraints on the model class. This is notably the case for nonlinear Independent Component Analysis, in which the LVM maps statistically independent variables to observations via a deterministic nonlinear function. Several families of spurious solutions fitting perfectly the data, but that do not correspond to the ground truth factors can be constructed in generic settings. However, recent work suggests that constraining the function class of such models may promote identifiability. Specifically, function classes with constraints on their partial derivatives, gathered in the Jacobian matrix, have been proposed, such as orthogonal coordinate transformations (OCT), which impose orthogonality of the Jacobian columns. In the present work, we prove that a subclass of these transformations, conformal maps, is identifiable and provide novel theoretical results suggesting that OCTs have properties that prevent families of spurious solutions to spoil identifiability in a generic setting.

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