论文标题

在$ z \ sim 2 $的Astrid模拟中,双重和偏移AGN的属性和偏移AGN的演变

Properties and Evolution of Dual and Offset AGN in the ASTRID Simulation at $z \sim 2$

论文作者

Chen, Nianyi, Di Matteo, Tiziana, Ni, Yueying, Tremmel, Michael, DeGraf, Colin, Shen, Yue, Holgado, A. Miguel, Bird, Simeon, Croft, Rupert, Feng, Yu

论文摘要

我们检查了双重(BHS活动)和偏移(一个BH活跃)AGN人群(包括$ \ sim $ 2000对,$ 0.5 \,\ text {kpc} \lyseSimΔr<30 \,\ fext {kpc} $ in $ z = 2 \ sim3 $ s = 2 \ sim3 $ sim3 $ sim3 $ sim 3 \ sim3 $ sim3 $ sim3 $ sim3 $ coptrid Covering(360 cmpc)。双(偏移)AGN $ 3.0(2.2)\%$ $ z = 2 $。双分数大约是恒定的,而偏移分数从$ z = 4 \ sim2 $增加了10倍。与完整的AGN人群相比,双重的特征是低$ m_ \ text {bh}/m _*$ ratio,高的特异性星形构型(SSFR)为$ \ sim 1 \,\ sim 1 \,\ text {gyr}^{ - 1} $,以及高埃德丁顿(High Eddington)比率($ \ sim 0.05 $ 0.05 $,double agn and agn,双重AGN在主要的星系合并中形成(通常涉及$ M_ \ text {halo} <10^{13} \,m_ \ odot $),其BHS具有相似的质量。在较小的分离(当他们的主机星系处于合并的后期时),双二$ 2 \ sim8 $ t $倍(尽管被遮盖得多)比在较大的分离中变得更明亮。 $ 80 \%$ $中的这些明亮的,密闭双重的$ \ sim500 \,\ text {myrs} $中的模拟合并。值得注意的是,在双重合并期间,二元组中最初的BH经常变成更明亮的AGN。在Offset AGN中,Active BH通常是$ \ gtrsim 10 $ 10 $ 10 $倍的巨大倍数,其巨大比其非活性对应物高,而大多数BH则是双重二倍。偏移主要是在次要星系合并中形成的,而活动的BH居住在大量晕圈的中心($ m_ \ text {halo} \ sim 10^{13-14} \,m_ \ odot $)。在这些深层潜力中,气体剥离很常见,次要迅速停用。剥离还导致偏移之间的效率低下的轨道衰减,几百Myrs停滞了$ΔR\ sim5 \,\ text {kpc} $。

We examine the dual (both BHs active) and offset (one BH active) AGN population (comprising $\sim$ 2000 pairs at $0.5\,\text{kpc}\lesssimΔr<30\,\text{kpc}$) at $z=2\sim3$ in the ASTRID simulation covering (360 cMpc)${^3}$. The dual (offset) AGN make up $3.0(2.2)\%$ of all AGN at $z=2$. The dual fraction is roughly constant while the offset fraction increases by a factor of ten from $z=4\sim2$. Compared with the full AGN population, duals are characterized by a low $M_\text{BH}/M_*$ ratio, a high specific star-formation rate (sSFR) of $\sim 1\,\text{Gyr}^{-1}$, and a high Eddington ratio ($\sim 0.05$, double that of single AGN). The dual AGN are formed in major galaxy mergers (typically involving $M_\text{halo}<10^{13}\,M_\odot$), with BHs that have similar masses. At small separations (when their host galaxies are in the late phase of the merger) duals become $2\sim8$ times brighter (albeit more obscured) than at larger separations. $80\%$ of these bright, close duals merge in the simulation within $\sim500\,\text{Myrs}$. Notably, the initially less-massive BH in duals frequently becomes the brighter AGN during the galaxy merger. In offset AGN, the active BH is typically $\gtrsim 10$ times more massive than its non-active counterpart and than most BHs in duals. Offsets are predominantly formed in minor galaxy mergers with the active BH residing in the center of massive halos ($ M_\text{ halo}\sim 10^{13-14}\,M_\odot$). In these deep potentials, gas stripping is common and the secondary quickly deactivates. The stripping also leads to inefficient orbital decay amongst offsets, which stall at $Δr\sim5\,\text{kpc}$ for a few hundred Myrs.

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