论文标题

拓扑约瑟夫森参数放大器阵列:定向,宽带和低噪声扩增的建议

Topological Josephson parametric amplifier array: A proposal for directional, broadband, and low-noise amplification

论文作者

Ramos, Tomás, Gómez-León, Álvaro, García-Ripoll, Juan José, González-Tudela, Alejandro, Porras, Diego

论文摘要

低噪声微波放大器对于检测量子技术和射电天文学等领域的弱信号至关重要。但是,设计理想的放大器是具有挑战性的,因为它必须涵盖较大的频率范围,添加最小的噪声并定向操作 - 仅在观察者的方向上放大信号,同时保护源免受环境干扰。在这项工作中,我们证明了一系列非线性耦合的约瑟夫森参数放大器(JPAS)可以通过利用拓扑效应来集体用作方向性的宽带量子放大器。通过应用具有不均匀幅度的集体四波混合泵并线性增加相位,我们在JPA阵列中打破时间反转对称性,并稳定拓扑放大方案,其中信号在一个方向上呈指数增大,并在相反的相对方向上被置。我们表明,几乎没有站点的紧凑型设备$ n \ sim 11-17 $可以实现出色的性能,在从数百个MHz到GHz的带宽上,增益超过20 dB,并且在所有频率上,逆向隔离抑制了超过30 dB的后退噪声。该设备还在量子噪声限制附近运行,并为多达15%的制造障碍提供拓扑保护,从而有效地抑制了增益涟漪。放大器的固有方向性消除了对外部隔离器的需求,为完全芯片,近乎理想的超导前放大器铺平了道路。

Low-noise microwave amplifiers are crucial for detecting weak signals in fields such as quantum technology and radio astronomy. However, designing an ideal amplifier is challenging, as it must cover a wide frequency range, add minimal noise, and operate directionally - amplifying signals only in the observer's direction while protecting the source from environmental interference. In this work, we demonstrate that an array of non-linearly coupled Josephson parametric amplifiers (JPAs) can collectively function as a directional, broadband quantum amplifier by harnessing topological effects. By applying a collective four-wave-mixing pump with inhomogeneous amplitudes and linearly increasing phase, we break time-reversal symmetry in the JPA array and stabilize a topological amplification regime where signals are exponentially amplified in one direction and exponentially suppressed in the opposite. We show that compact devices with few sites $N\sim 11-17$ can achieve exceptional performance, with gains exceeding 20 dB over a bandwidth ranging from hundreds of MHz to GHz, and reverse isolation suppressing backward noise by more than 30 dB across all frequencies. The device also operates near the quantum noise limit and provides topological protection against up to 15% fabrication disorder, effectively suppressing gain ripples. The amplifier's intrinsic directionality eliminates the need for external isolators, paving the way for fully on-chip, near-ideal superconducting pre-amplifiers.

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