论文标题

部分可观测时空混沌系统的无模型预测

The Morphology of Reionization in a Dynamically Clumpy Universe

论文作者

Cain, Christopher, D'Aloisio, Anson, Gangolli, Nakul, McQuinn, Matthew

论文摘要

$ z = 6 $的Lyman-limit Mimit含义自由路径的最新测量表明,它可能非常短,可以更好地理解电离光子下沉在电离中的作用。如果$ \ sim 10^4-10^8 m _ {\ odot} $气体结构造成了明显的不透明度,则准确地对Reionization模拟中的接收器进行建模非常具有挑战性。因此,关于水槽在塑造电离的形态中的重要性尚无共识。我们使用最近开发的辐射传输代码来解决这个问题,该代码包括基于辐射流体动力学模拟的水槽的动态子网格模型。与假设完全压力平滑的IgM相比,我们的动力处理将电离气泡尺寸降低了$ 10-20 \%$ $,在典型的关于电源源的假设下。接近电离的中点,$ k \ sim 0.1 $ $ $ h $ mpc $^{ - 1} $的21厘米功率类似地减少。如果完全忽略了压力平滑,这些效果比较高的重组率产生的$ 30-60 \%$抑制更为重要。水槽在电离的形态中是否起着重要作用,取决于其来源的性质。例如,如果电源是由明亮($ m _ {\ rm UV} <-17 $)星系驱动的,那么即使忽略了压力平滑,水槽也将大规模21厘米的大量功率降低至最多20美元。方便地,当明亮的来源显着贡献时,我们的动力处理中的形态可以通过均匀的亚网格结块因子准确地再现,从而产生相同的电离光子预算。相比之下,如果$ m _ {\ rm UV} \ sim -13 $ galaxies驱动了回离,则统一的结块模型可能会误以为$ 40 \%$ $。

A recent measurement of the Lyman-limit mean free path at $z = 6$ suggests it may have been very short, motivating a better understanding of the role that ionizing photon sinks played in reionization. Accurately modeling the sinks in reionization simulations is challenging because of the large dynamic range required if $\sim 10^4-10^8 M_{\odot}$ gas structures contributed significant opacity. Thus, there is no consensus on how important the sinks were in shaping reionization's morphology. We address this question with a recently developed radiative transfer code that includes a dynamical sub-grid model for the sinks based on radiative hydrodynamics simulations. Compared to assuming a fully pressure-smoothed IGM, our dynamical treatment reduces ionized bubble sizes by $10-20\%$ under typical assumptions about reionization's sources. Near reionization's midpoint, the 21 cm power at $k \sim 0.1$ $h$Mpc$^{-1}$ is similarly reduced. These effects are more modest than the $30-60\%$ suppression resulting from the higher recombination rate if pressure smoothing is neglected entirely. Whether the sinks played a significant role in reionization's morphology depends on the nature of its sources. For example, if reionization was driven by bright ($M_{\rm UV} < -17$) galaxies, the sinks reduce the large-scale 21 cm power by at most $20\%$, even if pressure smoothing is neglected. Conveniently, when bright sources contribute significantly, the morphology in our dynamical treatment can be reproduced accurately with a uniform sub-grid clumping factor that yields the same ionizing photon budget. By contrast, if $M_{\rm UV} \sim -13$ galaxies drove reionization, the uniform clumping model can err by up to $40\%$.

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