论文标题
Rubisco功能，进化和工程
Rubisco function, evolution, and engineering
论文作者
论文摘要
碳固定是将二氧化碳从气体转化为生物质的过程。 Calvin Benson Bassham（CBB）周期是地球上主要的碳固定途径，驾驶> 1200亿吨的碳含量为99.5％，这些碳被糖，糖，植物，藻类和蓝细菌“固定”为糖。 CBB，核糖1,5-双磷酸羧化酶/氧酶（Rubisco）中的羧化酶酶固定一个循环的每回合一个二氧化碳分子。尽管对于碳的同化至关重要，但Rubisco的动力学速率不是很快，并且是通行通路的瓶颈。这是一个悖论 - 为什么Rubisco不发展成为更好的催化剂？许多人假设Rubisco的催化机制要经过一个或多个权衡，并且Rubisco变体已针对其天然生理环境进行了优化。在这里，我们通过结构和机制的镜头回顾了Rubisco的进化和生物化学，以了解哪种权衡限制了其改进。我们还审查了改善Rubisco本身的许多尝试，从而促进植物的生长。
Carbon fixation is the process by which CO2 is converted from a gas into biomass. The Calvin Benson Bassham (CBB) cycle is the dominant carbon fixation pathway on earth, driving >99.5% of the ~120 billion tons of carbon that are "fixed" as sugar, by plants, algae and cyanobacteria. The carboxylase enzyme in the CBB, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco), fixes one CO2 molecule per turn of the cycle. Despite being critical to the assimilation of carbon, rubisco's kinetic rate is not very fast and it is a bottleneck in flux through the pathway. This presents a paradox - why hasn't rubisco evolved to be a better catalyst? Many hypothesize that the catalytic mechanism of rubisco is subject to one or more trade-offs, and that rubisco variants have been optimized for their native physiological environment. Here we review the evolution and biochemistry of rubisco through the lens of structure and mechanism in order to understand what trade-offs limit its improvement. We also review the many attempts to improve rubisco itself and, thereby, promote plant growth.
