论文标题
基于风险评估模型的共识算法，用于许可区块链
A Consensus Algorithm Based on Risk Assessment Model for Permissioned Blockchain
论文作者
论文摘要
区块链技术使利益相关者能够在不信任的集中机构的情况下进行可信赖的数据共享和交换。这些功能使区块链应用程序具有吸引力，可在非常不同的情况下增强可信度。由于独特的设计概念和出色的性能，区块链近年来已成为行业和学术界的流行研究主题。每个参与者在无许可区块链中都是匿名的，该区块链由比特币等加密货币应用程序所代表。在这种情况下，将一些特殊的激励机制应用于无许可区块链，例如开采的本地加密货币，以解决无许可区块链的信任问题。在许多用例中，无许可区块链在交易吞吐性能方面具有瓶颈，这限制了现实世界中的进一步应用。允许的区块链可以在没有建立整个信任关系的一组实体之间达成共识。与无许可的区块链不同，必须在许可区块链中确定参与者。通过依靠传统的易碰撞故障共识协议，许可的区块链可以实现高交易吞吐量和低延迟而无需牺牲安全性。但是，如何平衡安全性和共识效率仍然是需要在许可区块链中紧急解决的问题。作为区块链技术的核心模块，共识算法在区块链系统的性能中起着至关重要的作用。因此，本文提出了一种新的共识算法，以供许可区块链，基于风险评估的共识协议（RAC），结合了分散的设计概念以及风险节点评估机制，以解决速度，可伸缩性和安全性的绩效不平衡问题。
Blockchain technology enables stakeholders to conduct trusted data sharing and exchange without a trusted centralized institution. These features make blockchain applications attractive to enhance trustworthiness in very different contexts. Due to unique design concepts and outstanding performance, blockchain has become a popular research topic in industry and academia in recent years. Every participant is anonymous in a permissionless blockchain represented by cryptocurrency applications such as Bitcoin. In this situation, some special incentive mechanisms are applied to permissionless blockchain, such as mined native cryptocurrency to solve the trust issues of permissionless blockchain. In many use cases, permissionless blockchain has bottlenecks in transaction throughput performance, which restricts further application in the real world. A permissioned blockchain can reach a consensus among a group of entities that do not establish an entire trust relationship. Unlike permissionless blockchains, the participants must be identified in permissioned blockchains. By relying on the traditional crash fault-tolerant consensus protocols, permissioned blockchains can achieve high transaction throughput and low latency without sacrificing security. However, how to balance the security and consensus efficiency is still the issue that needs to be solved urgently in permissioned blockchains. As the core module of blockchain technology, the consensus algorithm plays a vital role in the performance of the blockchain system. Thus, this paper proposes a new consensus algorithm for permissioned blockchain, the Risk Assessment-based Consensus protocol (RAC), combined with the decentralized design concept and the risk-node assessment mechanism to address the unbalance issues of performance in speed, scalability, and security.
