论文标题
从1920年代到1960年代末的佛罗伦萨物理学的简短历史
A brief history of Florentine physics from the 1920s to the end of the 1960s
论文作者
论文摘要
佛罗伦萨大学物理研究所的历史从20世纪初开始追踪，安东尼奥·加巴索（Antonio Garbasso）作为导演（1913年）到达1960年代。 Thanks to Garbasso's expertise, not only did the Institute gain new premises on Arcetri hill, where the Astronomical Observatory was already located, but it also formed a brilliant group of young physicists made up of Enrico Fermi, Franco Rasetti, Enrico Persico, Bruno Rossi, Gilberto Bernardini, Daria Bocciarelli, Lorenzo Emo Capodilista, Giuseppe Occhialini和Giulio Racah从事量子力学和宇宙射线的新兴领域。这所阿克特里学校（Arcetri School）在1930年代后期瓦解了其主人公向其他大学，法西斯政权创造的环境以及在某种程度上为种族法律创造的环境。战争结束后，该学校的一些学生占领了遗产，他们在核物理和基本粒子物理学领域成立了研究小组。就理论物理学而言，在费米和Persico时期之后，这些研究在1950年代末期已经进行了新的扩展，随着Giacomo Morpurgo的到来，最重要的是Raoul Gatto，他在Arcetri创建了第一家真实的Italian理论物理学。
The history of the Institute of Physics at the University of Florence is traced from the beginning of the 20th century, with the arrival of Antonio Garbasso as Director (1913), to the 1960s. Thanks to Garbasso's expertise, not only did the Institute gain new premises on Arcetri hill, where the Astronomical Observatory was already located, but it also formed a brilliant group of young physicists made up of Enrico Fermi, Franco Rasetti, Enrico Persico, Bruno Rossi, Gilberto Bernardini, Daria Bocciarelli, Lorenzo Emo Capodilista, Giuseppe Occhialini and Giulio Racah, who were engaged in the emerging fields of Quantum Mechanics and Cosmic Rays. This Arcetri School disintegrated in the late 1930s for the transfer of its protagonists to chairs in other universities, for the environment created by the fascist regime and, to some extent, for the racial laws. After the war, the legacy was taken up by some students of this school who formed research groups in the field of nuclear physics and elementary particle physics. As far as theoretical physics was concerned, after the Fermi and Persico periods these studies enjoyed a new expansion towards the end of the 1950s, with the arrival of Giacomo Morpurgo and above all, that of Raoul Gatto, who created the first real Italian school of Theoretical Physics at Arcetri.
