论文标题
大型风电场中唤醒和阻塞效应的两尺度相互作用
Two-scale interaction of wake and blockage effects in large wind farms
论文作者
论文摘要
涡轮机唤醒和农场阻塞效应可能会显着影响大型风电场产生的功率。在这项研究中，我们对具有不同涡轮机布局和风向的50个无限大型海上风电场进行大型模拟（LES）。 LES结果与两尺度动量理论（Nishino＆Dunstan 2020，J。FluidMech。894，A2）结合使用，研究了大型但有限尺寸的农场的空气动力学性能。发现无限大型农场的力量是阵列密度的强大功能，而大型有限型农场的功能取决于阵列密度和涡轮机的布局。从两尺度动量理论得出的分析模型预测了阵列密度对所研究的所有50个农场的影响，因此可以用作农场表现的上限。我们还提出了一种新方法来量化涡轮尺度损失（由于涡轮机相互作用）和农场规模的损失（由于降低了农场平均风速）。它们都取决于对农场的大气反应的强度，我们的结果表明，对于大型离岸风电场，农场规模的损失通常是涡轮尺度损失的两倍以上。发现这是由于涡轮唤醒和农场感应效应之间的两尺度相互作用，这解释了为什么涡轮布局对农场力量的影响会随着大气反应的强度而变化。
Turbine wake and farm blockage effects may significantly impact the power produced by large wind farms. In this study, we perform Large-Eddy Simulations (LES) of 50 infinitely large offshore wind farms with different turbine layouts and wind directions. The LES results are combined with the two-scale momentum theory (Nishino & Dunstan 2020, J. Fluid Mech. 894, A2) to investigate the aerodynamic performance of large but finite-sized farms as well. The power of infinitely large farms is found to be a strong function of the array density, whereas the power of large finite-sized farms depends on both the array density and turbine layout. An analytical model derived from the two-scale momentum theory predicts the impact of array density very well for all 50 farms investigated and can therefore be used as an upper limit to farm performance. We also propose a new method to quantify turbine-scale losses (due to turbine-wake interactions) and farm-scale losses (due to the reduction of farm-average wind speed). They both depend on the strength of atmospheric response to the farm, and our results suggest that, for large offshore wind farms, the farm-scale losses are typically more than twice as large as the turbine-scale losses. This is found to be due to a two-scale interaction between turbine wake and farm induction effects, explaining why the impact of turbine layout on farm power varies with the strength of atmospheric response.
