论文标题

带有3D纳米线网络的水库计算

Reservoir Computing with 3D Nanowire Networks

论文作者

Daniels, R. K., Mallinson, J. B., Heywood, Z. E., Bones, P. J., Arnold, M. D., Brown, S. A.

论文摘要

目前,正在探索纳米线网络的网络,以用于大脑样(或神经形态)计算的一系列应用,尤其是在储层计算(RC)中。现实世界计算设备的制造要求纳米线依次沉积,导致电线彼此堆叠。但是,使用这些系统的大多数计算任务模拟将纳米线视为位于完美2D平面中的1D对象 - 尚未确定堆叠对RC性能的影响。在这里,我们使用详细的模拟在两个任务中比较纳米线的完美2D和Quasi-3d(堆叠)网络的性能:内存容量和非线性转换。我们还表明,我们的纳米线之间的连接模型足以描述广泛的回忆网络,并考虑物理逼真的电极配置对性能的影响。我们表明,各种网络和配置在RC任务中具有非常相似的性能,鉴于它们的根本不同,这令人惊讶。我们的结果表明,使用每台电线的信息时,具有实验数量的电极数量可实现的网络可在可实现的上限上执行。但是,我们还表现出重要的差异,特别是,准3D网络对输入参数的变化更具弹性,从而更好地推广到嘈杂的训练数据。由于以前的文献表明拓扑在计算性能中起着重要作用,因此这些结果可能对纳米网络在神经形态计算中的未来应用具有重要意义。

Networks of nanowires are currently being explored for a range of applications in brain-like (or neuromorphic) computing, and especially in reservoir computing (RC). Fabrication of real-world computing devices requires that the nanowires are deposited sequentially, leading to stacking of the wires on top of each other. However, most simulations of computational tasks using these systems treat the nanowires as 1D objects lying in a perfectly 2D plane - the effect of stacking on RC performance has not yet been established. Here we use detailed simulations to compare the performance of perfectly 2D and quasi-3D (stacked) networks of nanowires in two tasks: memory capacity and nonlinear transformation. We also show that our model of the junctions between nanowires is general enough to describe a wide range of memristive networks, and consider the impact of physically realistic electrode configurations on performance. We show that the various networks and configurations have a strikingly similar performance in RC tasks, which is surprising given their radically different topologies. Our results show that networks with an experimentally achievable number of electrodes perform close to the upper bounds achievable when using the information from every wire. However, we also show important differences, in particular that the quasi-3D networks are more resilient to changes in the input parameters, generalizing better to noisy training data. Since previous literature suggests that topology plays an important role in computing performance, these results may have important implications for future applications of nanowire networks in neuromorphic computing.

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