论文标题
可转移的图形后门攻击
Transferable Graph Backdoor Attack
论文作者
论文摘要
图形神经网络(GNNS)在许多图形挖掘任务中取得了巨大的成功,这些任务受益于通过融合本地结构和节点特征的消息传递策略,从而获得更好的图形表示学习。尽管GNN取得了成功,并且与其他类型的深神经网络相似,但发现GNN容易受到图形结构和节点特征的不明显扰动。已经提出了许多对抗性攻击,以披露在不同的扰动策略下创建对抗性例子的GNN的脆弱性。但是,GNNS对成功后门攻击的脆弱性直到最近才显示。在本文中,我们披露了陷阱攻击,这是可转移的图形后门攻击。核心攻击原则是用基于扰动的触发器毒化训练数据集,这可以导致有效且可转移的后门攻击。图形的扰动触发是通过通过替代模型的基于梯度的得分矩阵在图形结构上执行扰动动作来生成的。与先前的工作相比,陷阱攻击在几种方面有所不同:i)利用替代图卷积网络(GCN)模型来生成基于黑盒的后门攻击的扰动触发器; ii)它产生了没有固定模式的样品特异性扰动触发器; iii)在使用锻造中毒训练数据集训练时,在GNN的背景下,攻击转移到了不同的GNN模型中。通过对四个现实世界数据集的广泛评估,我们证明了陷阱攻击使用四个现实世界数据集在四个不同流行的GNN中构建可转移后门的有效性。
Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved tremendous success in many graph mining tasks benefitting from the message passing strategy that fuses the local structure and node features for better graph representation learning. Despite the success of GNNs, and similar to other types of deep neural networks, GNNs are found to be vulnerable to unnoticeable perturbations on both graph structure and node features. Many adversarial attacks have been proposed to disclose the fragility of GNNs under different perturbation strategies to create adversarial examples. However, vulnerability of GNNs to successful backdoor attacks was only shown recently. In this paper, we disclose the TRAP attack, a Transferable GRAPh backdoor attack. The core attack principle is to poison the training dataset with perturbation-based triggers that can lead to an effective and transferable backdoor attack. The perturbation trigger for a graph is generated by performing the perturbation actions on the graph structure via a gradient based score matrix from a surrogate model. Compared with prior works, TRAP attack is different in several ways: i) it exploits a surrogate Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) model to generate perturbation triggers for a blackbox based backdoor attack; ii) it generates sample-specific perturbation triggers which do not have a fixed pattern; and iii) the attack transfers, for the first time in the context of GNNs, to different GNN models when trained with the forged poisoned training dataset. Through extensive evaluations on four real-world datasets, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the TRAP attack to build transferable backdoors in four different popular GNNs using four real-world datasets.