论文标题
高能速度尾巴均匀加热的颗粒材料
High-energy velocity tails in uniformly heated granular materials
论文作者
论文摘要
我们实验研究了准二维颗粒物材料的速度分布，这些颗粒材料是同质驱动的，即通过电磁振动器均匀加热的，在那里，单个粒子的平移速度和单个粒子的旋转是高斯和独立的。我们观察到粒子速度的非高斯分布，其密度无关的高能量尾巴的特征是$β= 1.50 \ pm0.03 $的指数为$ 0.111 \ le 0.832 $，涵盖了各种结构和动力学。令人惊讶的是，我们的结果与颗粒气体气体动力学理论的预测非常吻合，即使在$ ϕ = 0.832 $的极高体积分数中，颗粒材料形成晶体固体。我们的实验表明，$β= 1.50 $的密度无关的高能速度尾巴是均匀加热颗粒物的基本特性。
We experimentally investigate the velocity distributions of quasi two-dimensional granular materials, which are homogeneously driven, i.e. uniformly heated, by an electromagnetic vibrator, where the translational velocity and the rotation of a single particle are Gaussian and independent. We observe the non-Gaussian distributions of particle velocity, with the density-independent high-energy tails characterized by an exponent of $β=1.50\pm0.03$ for volume fractions of $0.111\leϕ\le0.832$, covering a wide range of structures and dynamics. Surprisingly, our results are in excellent agreement with the prediction of the kinetic theories of granular gas, even for an extremely high volume fraction of $ϕ=0.832$ where the granular material forms a crystalline solid. Our experiment reveals that the density-independent high-energy velocity tails of $β=1.50$ are a fundamental property of uniformly heated granular matter.
