论文标题
关于放射性核素的有效，环境和生物半衰期的术语和方法论差异
Terminological and methodological discrepancies concerning the radionuclides' effective, environmental and biological half-lives
论文作者
论文摘要
在大多数风险评估的基础上，旨在确定放射性核素在环境中活动的长期趋势，从而暴露于电离辐射中，使用了各种半衰期的概念，尤其是：生物学，环境（生态）和有效的概念。在术语层面上明显缺乏共识，更重要的是，在确定这些半衰期的方法论层面上。这表现出了不同的方法论，并且存在两个主要但矛盾的概念。首先，经验确定的半衰期称为环境或生物学。考虑到物理衰减后，有效的半衰期在后期推断出来。在第二个概念中，有效的半衰期是一个经验确定的，其余的半衰期可以在校正物理衰减后推断出来。由于这两个概念似乎彼此都不兼容，因此这项工作的目的是彻底分析其理论假设，条件，优势和劣势，并定义必须满足的条件，以便与使用两个单独概念获得的结果进行比较。如果环境成分，建议的方法是通过经验确定有效的半衰期，然后再推断出环境和/或生物半衰期。
At the basis of most risk assessments aimed at determining the long-term trends in changes in the activity of radionuclides in the environment and thus exposure to ionizing radiation, various concepts of half-lives are used, particularly: biological, environmental (ecological) and effective one. There is a clear lack of consensus on the terminological level and, more importantly, on the methodological level regarding the determination of these half-lives. This manifests by a divergent methodology and the existence of two main, but contradictory concepts. In the first, empirically determined half-life is referred to as environmental or biological. The effective half-life is extrapolated at a later stage after taking into account the physical decay. In the second concept, the effective half-life is the one empirically determined and the remaining half-lives can be extrapolated after correction for physical decay. As both concepts seems to be incompatible with each other, the aim of this work was to thoroughly analyze their theoretical assumptions, conditions, strengths and weaknesses and to define the conditions that must be met in order to enable comparison of the results obtained with the use of two separate concepts. In case of the environmental components the suggested approach is to empirically determine the effective half-life, and subsequently, to extrapolate the environmental and/or biological half-lives.
