论文标题

QUBO配方中的惩罚权重:排列问题

Penalty Weights in QUBO Formulations: Permutation Problems

论文作者

Ayodele, Mayowa

论文摘要

近年来,设计用于量子计算机或其他专业硬件的优化算法引起了研究。这些求解器中的许多只能优化二进制和二次形式的问题。因此,二次不受约束的二进制优化(QUBO)是这些求解器使用的常见公式。 有许多组合优化问题自然表示为排列,例如旅行推销员问题。但是,使用二进制变量编码置换问题,但提出了一些挑战。许多QUBO求解器是单个翻转求解器,因此可以生成无法解码为有效置换的解决方案。为了产生产生可行解决方案的偏见,我们使用惩罚权重。为各种类型问题设定静态惩罚权重的过程并非微不足道。这是因为太小的值会导致求解器返回不可行的解决方案,而太大的值可能会导致收敛速度较慢。在这项研究中,我们探讨了在Qubo配方中设置惩罚权重的一些方法。我们提出了计算惩罚权重的新静态方法,这比现有方法更有希望的结果。

Optimisation algorithms designed to work on quantum computers or other specialised hardware have been of research interest in recent years. Many of these solver can only optimise problems that are in binary and quadratic form. Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimisation (QUBO) is therefore a common formulation used by these solvers. There are many combinatorial optimisation problems that are naturally represented as permutations e.g., travelling salesman problem. Encoding permutation problems using binary variables however presents some challenges. Many QUBO solvers are single flip solvers, it is therefore possible to generate solutions that cannot be decoded to a valid permutation. To create bias towards generating feasible solutions, we use penalty weights. The process of setting static penalty weights for various types of problems is not trivial. This is because values that are too small will lead to infeasible solutions being returned by the solver while values that are too large may lead to slower convergence. In this study, we explore some methods of setting penalty weights within the context of QUBO formulations. We propose new static methods of calculating penalty weights which lead to more promising results than existing methods.

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