论文标题
模拟量子计算机中原子和光子的远程相干性
Simulating long-range coherence of atoms and photons in quantum computers
论文作者
论文摘要
激光和Bose-Einstein冷凝物（BEC）以看似无关的方式表现出宏观量子相干性。激光具有明确的全球相，其特征是光子数量的波动很大。相反，在原子的BEC中，粒子的数量是保守的，并且全局相是不确定的。在这里，我们提出了一个统一的框架，以通过将骨颗粒映射到Qubit激励中，以模拟基于门的量子计算机中的激光和BEC状态。我们的方法依赖于可扩展的电路，该电路可以测量颗粒总数而不破坏远程相干性。我们引入了互补的探针，以测量量子状态的全局和相对相位相干性，并在Rigetti量子计算机上证明它们的功能。我们的工作表明，粒子保护增强了远程相干性，突出了超氟和超导体使用相位刚度的机制。
Lasers and Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) exhibit macroscopic quantum coherence in seemingly unrelated ways. Lasers possess a well-defined global phase and are characterized by large fluctuations in the number of photons. In BECs of atoms, instead, the number of particles is conserved and the global phase is undefined. Here, we present a unified framework to simulate lasers and BECs states in gate-based quantum computers, by mapping bosonic particles to qubit excitations. Our approach relies on a scalable circuit that measures the total number of particles without destroying long-range coherence. We introduce complementary probes to measure the global and relative phase coherence of a quantum state, and demonstrate their functionality on a Rigetti quantum computer. Our work shows that particle-number conservation enhances long-range phase coherence, highlighting a mechanism used by superfluids and superconductors to gain phase stiffness.
