论文标题

关于一般大振幅球的构建

On the construction of general large-amplitude spherically polarised Alfvén waves

论文作者

Squire, Jonathan, Mallet, Alfred

论文摘要

在远高于离子动力学尺度的刻度上的磁化等离子体中,伴随平行的alfvénic流的任何恒定磁场磁场在同等恒定密度的背景中形成非线性溶液。这些结构也称为球形极化的alfvén波,在太阳风中普遍存在观察到,这可能是由于小振幅波动在电晕中向外传播时所产生的。在这里,我们提出了一种计算方法,可以用一般的多维结构来构建此类任意振幅的解决方案,并探索它们的某些特性。困难在于计算零差异,恒定磁场的磁场,该磁场留下了一个无准的函数来定义解决方案,同时需要对该场的任何单个组件都有强大的约束。由太阳风中波长的物理过程的促进,我们的方法从低振幅的alfvénic波动开始绕过了这个问题,以强平均值为主,然后将磁扰动“增长”到大振幅方案中。我们介绍了在一个,两个和三个维度中具有非平凡结构的示例解决方案,除非溶液是一维,否则表明形成非常尖锐的梯度或不连续性的明显趋势。除了作为其他计算的输入(尤其是参数衰减的研究)外,我们的结果还为低太阳风中磁场折返的极端锋利场不连续性提供了自然的解释。

In a magnetised plasma on scales well above ion kinetic scales, any constant-magnitude magnetic field, accompanied by parallel Alfvénic flows, forms a nonlinear solution in an isobaric, constant-density background. These structures, which are also known as spherically polarised Alfvén waves, are observed ubiquitously in the solar wind, presumably created by the growth of small-amplitude fluctuations as they propagate outwards in the corona. Here, we present a computational method to construct such solutions of arbitrary amplitude with general multi-dimensional structure, and explore some of their properties. The difficulty lies in computing a zero-divergence, constant-magnitude magnetic field, which leaves a single, quasi-free function to define the solution, while requiring strong constraints on any individual component of the field. Motivated by the physical process of wave growth in the solar wind, our method circumvents this issue by starting from low-amplitude Alfvénic fluctuations dominated by a strong mean field, then "growing" magnetic perturbations into the large-amplitude regime. We present example solutions with nontrivial structure in one, two, and three dimensions, demonstrating a clear tendency to form very sharp gradients or discontinuities, unless the solution is one dimensional. As well as being useful as an input for other calculations, particularly the study of parametric decay, our results provide a natural explanation for the extremely sharp field discontinuities observed across magnetic-field switchbacks in the low solar wind.

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