论文标题
长伽玛射线爆发的宇宙历史
The Cosmic History of Long Gamma Ray Bursts
论文作者
论文摘要
长伽玛射线突发（LGRB）的宇宙形成速率（LGRB）编码宇宙及其祖细胞性质及其环境的演变。 The LGRB formation rate and the luminosity function, with its redshift evolution, are derived by reproducing the largest set of observations collected in the last four decades, namely the observer-frame prompt emission properties of GRB samples detected by the Fermi and Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) satellites and the redshift, luminosity and energy distributions of flux-limited, redshift complete, Swift检测到的GRB样本。最能重现所有这些约束的模型由GRB形成率组成，随着红移$ \ propto（1+z）^{3.2} $的增加，即比星形构造速率陡峭，最高$ z \ sim3 $，然后降低$ \ propto（1+z）^{ - 3} $。最重要的是，我们的模型还预测了特征光度函数折断$ \ propto（1+z）^{0.6} $的中等演变。只有亮度或速率演变的模型在$>5σ$中不包括在内。 LGRB的宇宙速率演变被解释为在具有金属性$ 12+\ log（\ rm O/H）<8.6 $的环境中发生的偏爱，与理论模型和宿主星系观测一致。 $ z = 0 $的lgrb速率是其准确性的，为$ρ_0= 79^{+57} _ { - 33} $ gpc $^{ - 3} $ yr $^{ - 1} $（68％的信心间隔）。这对应于$ \ sim $ 1 \％的宽线IBC超新星，在当地宇宙中产生了成功的喷气式飞机。在$ z \ ge3 $上，此分数最高可达$ \ sim $ 7％。最后，我们估计至少$ \ of $ \ yr $ yr $^{ - 1} $ swift和费米检测到$ z <0.5 $的爆发是稍微偏外的喷气机。
The cosmic formation rate of long Gamma Ray Bursts (LGRBs) encodes the evolution, across cosmic times, of their progenitors' properties and of their environment. The LGRB formation rate and the luminosity function, with its redshift evolution, are derived by reproducing the largest set of observations collected in the last four decades, namely the observer-frame prompt emission properties of GRB samples detected by the Fermi and Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO) satellites and the redshift, luminosity and energy distributions of flux-limited, redshift complete, samples of GRBs detected by Swift. The model that best reproduces all these constraints consists of a GRB formation rate increasing with redshift $\propto (1+z)^{3.2}$, i.e. steeper than the star formation rate, up to $z\sim3$ followed by a decrease $\propto(1+z)^{-3}$. On top of this, our model predicts also a moderate evolution of the characteristic luminosity function break $\propto(1+z)^{0.6}$. Models with only luminosity or rate evolution are excluded at $>5σ$ significance. The cosmic rate evolution of LGRBs is interpreted as their preference to occur in environments with metallicity $12+\log(\rm O/H)<8.6$, consistently with theoretical models and host galaxy observations. The LGRB rate at $z=0$, accounting for their collimation, is $ρ_0=79^{+57}_{-33}$ Gpc$^{-3}$ yr$^{-1}$ (68% confidence interval). This corresponds to $\sim$1\% of broad-line Ibc supernovae producing a successful jet in the local Universe. This fraction increases up to $\sim$7% at $z\ge3$. Finally, we estimate that at least $\approx0.2-0.7$ yr$^{-1}$ of Swift and Fermi detected bursts at $z<0.5$ are jets observed slightly off-axis.
