论文标题
伊斯兰和资本主义经济：使用财富交换和重新分配的生态植物学模型进行比较
Islamic and capitalist economies: Comparison using econophysics models of wealth exchange and redistribution
论文作者
论文摘要
伊斯兰和资本主义经济有几个差异，最基本的是伊斯兰经济的特征是禁止利益（RIBA）和投机（Gharar）（Gharar）以及执行伊斯兰教法命令的利润 - 损害损害共享（Mudaraba，Mudaraba，Murabaha，Salam等）和财富重新分配（WAQF，SASAAQAH，SASAAQAH和ZAKAT）。在这项研究中，我采用了新的财富交换和再分配生态植物物理学模型来定量将这些特征与资本主义的特征进行比较，并使用模拟评估财富分布和差异。具体而言，关于交换，我提出了代表金融资本主义和里巴的贷款利息模型，以及代表股东资本主义和穆达拉巴的合资企业模式；关于再分配，我创建了代表继承税和WAQF的转移模型。由于财富的初始统一分配重复交流，财富分配比合资企业模型更快地使用了势力分配。代表差异的Gini指数迅速增加。合资企业模型的GINI指数增加速度较慢，但是最终，两个模型中的财富分配都变成了三角洲分布，而Gini指数逐渐接近1。接下来，当两个模型与转移模型结合在一起以在每个给定的时期重新分配财富时，贷款兴趣模型都具有更大的GINI指数，而不是合资企业模型，但两者都不是在iS formine Indeex上，而不是1次iSTES INDES，而不是1 exi inte Encte and Iste Encore Encor，则是ISIT consex consex consex consex confection。通过禁止RIBA并促进Mudaraba中的相互交换和通过WAQF重新分布来限制差异。比较伊斯兰和资本主义经济体提供了对经济上拥抱互助的道德实践的好处的见解，并提出了替代资本主义的指南。
Islamic and capitalist economies have several differences, the most fundamental being that the Islamic economy is characterized by the prohibition of interest (riba) and speculation (gharar) and the enforcement of Shariah-compliant profit-loss sharing (mudaraba, murabaha, salam, etc.) and wealth redistribution (waqf, sadaqah, and zakat). In this study, I apply new econophysics models of wealth exchange and redistribution to quantitatively compare these characteristics to those of capitalism and evaluate wealth distribution and disparity using a simulation. Specifically, regarding exchange, I propose a loan interest model representing finance capitalism and riba and a joint venture model representing shareholder capitalism and mudaraba; regarding redistribution, I create a transfer model representing inheritance tax and waqf. As exchanges are repeated from an initial uniform distribution of wealth, wealth distribution approaches a power-law distribution more quickly for the loan interest than the joint venture model; and the Gini index, representing disparity, rapidly increases. The joint venture model's Gini index increases more slowly, but eventually, the wealth distribution in both models becomes a delta distribution, and the Gini index gradually approaches 1. Next, when both models are combined with the transfer model to redistribute wealth in every given period, the loan interest model has a larger Gini index than the joint venture model, but both converge to a Gini index of less than 1. These results quantitatively reveal that in the Islamic economy, disparity is restrained by prohibiting riba and promoting reciprocal exchange in mudaraba and redistribution through waqf. Comparing Islamic and capitalist economies provides insights into the benefits of economically embracing the ethical practice of mutual aid and suggests guidelines for an alternative to capitalism.
