论文标题
增强不稳定的颗粒
Boosting unstable particles
论文作者
论文摘要
在相对论中，没有同时性的绝对概念，因为在不同地方的两个时钟总是可以通过洛伦兹的提升来使人同步。在这里，我们探讨了这种影响对不稳定颗粒的量子理论的含义。我们表明，当波功能增强时，它的尾巴传播到了过去，另一个传播到了未来。结果，在新的参考框架中，粒子处于量子叠加的“衰减 +非衰减”中，其中属性“衰减度”与位置纠缠在一起。由于粒子不能定位在小于康普顿波长的区域中，因此这种效果的下限非零，这本质上是基本的。令人惊讶的含义是，在量子世界中，衰减概率永远不可变化。我们表明，这种见解是在相对论量子力学和量子场理论中调和关于时间扩张的看似相互矛盾的观点的缺失成分。
In relativity, there is no absolute notion of simultaneity, because two clocks that are in different places can always be desynchronized by a Lorentz boost. Here, we explore the implications of this effect for the quantum theory of unstable particles. We show that, when a wavefunction is boosted, its tails travel one to the past and the other to the future. As a consequence, in the new frame of reference, the particle is in a quantum superposition "decayed + non decayed", where the property "decayed-ness" is entangled with the position. Since a particle cannot be localised in a region smaller than the Compton wavelength, there is a non-zero lower bound on this effect, which is fundamental in nature. The surprising implication is that, in a quantum world, decay probabilities can never be Lorentz-invariant. We show that this insight was the missing ingredient to reconcile the seemingly conflicting views about time dilation in relativistic quantum mechanics and quantum field theory.
