论文标题
量规风味统一：从风味难题到稳定的质子
Gauge flavour unification: from the flavour puzzle to stable protons
论文作者
论文摘要
统一的想法试图用较少的基本力和/或物质领域来解释标准模型（SM）的结构。但是，基于$ su（5）$和$ \ mathrm {spin}（10）$的传统大统一理论尚无三代费米子的存在，也没有对Yukawa耦合的独特模式。我们讨论了两条统一SM量规对称性与其风味对称性的途径：首先，通过$ su（4）\ times sp（6）_l \ times sp（6）_r $将Electroweak对称性统一风味；其次，通过$ su（12）\ times su（2）_l \ times su（2）_r $统一风味和颜色。无论哪种情况，所有三代SM费米子都仅统一到两个基本领域。在此程序的大部分中，我们描述了以前的“ Electroweak风味统一”模型如何提供层次式费米亚质量和CKM角度的新解释。作为后记，我们表明量规风味统一可能会出现意外的衍生产品，这显然与风味无关。特别是，$ su（12）\ times su（2）_l \ times su（2）_r $对称性在损坏时可以留下残留的离散仪表对称性，使质子完全稳定在所有订单上。
The idea of unification attempts to explain the structure of the Standard Model (SM) in terms of fewer fundamental forces and/or matter fields. However, traditional grand unified theories based on $SU(5)$ and $\mathrm{Spin}(10)$ shed no light on the existence of three generations of fermions, nor the distinctive pattern of their Yukawa couplings to the Higgs. We discuss two routes for unifying the SM gauge symmetry with its flavour symmetries: firstly, unifying flavour with electroweak symmetries via the group $SU(4) \times Sp(6)_L \times Sp(6)_R$; secondly, unifying flavour and colour via $SU(12) \times SU(2)_L \times SU(2)_R$. In either case, all three generations of SM fermions are unified into just two fundamental fields. In the larger part of this proceeding, we describe how the former model of `electroweak flavour unification' offers a new explanation of hierarchical fermion masses and CKM angles. As a postscript, we show that gauge flavour unification can have unexpected spin-offs not obviously related to flavour. In particular, the $SU(12) \times SU(2)_L \times SU(2)_R$ symmetry, when broken, can leave behind remnant discrete gauge symmetries that exactly stabilize protons to all orders.
