论文标题
密码学中的量子优势
Quantum Advantage in Cryptography
论文作者
论文摘要
自成立以来，密码学就被一个恶性循环捕获了：密码学家一直在发明隐藏信息的方法，而密码分析师将其打破，促使密码学家发明了更复杂的加密方案，等等。但是，量子信息技术可能打破了这个循环吗？乍一看，似乎只是将密码师和密码分析师之间的竞争提升到了一个新的水平。确实，量子计算机将使当今大多数公共密钥密码系统不安全。尽管如此，有充分的理由相信，密码学家最终将占上风。量子密码学使我们能够构建沟通方案，其保密仅依赖物理定律和对加密硬件的最低假设 - 基本上没有攻击的空间。尽管我们还没有在那里，但本文概述了量子密码学的原理和状态，以及对克服当前挑战和前景的评估。
Ever since its inception, cryptography has been caught in a vicious circle: Cryptographers keep inventing methods to hide information, and cryptanalysts break them, prompting cryptographers to invent even more sophisticated encryption schemes, and so on. But could it be that quantum information technology breaks this circle? At first sight, it looks as if it just lifts the competition between cryptographers and cryptanalysts to the next level. Indeed, quantum computers will render most of today's public key cryptosystems insecure. Nonetheless, there are good reasons to believe that cryptographers will ultimately prevail over cryptanalysts. Quantum cryptography allows us to build communication schemes whose secrecy relies only on the laws of physics and some minimum assumptions about the cryptographic hardware - leaving basically no room for an attack. While we are not yet there, this article provides an overview of the principles and state of the art of quantum cryptography, as well as an assessment of current challenges and prospects for overcoming them.
