论文标题

使用副本在连续时间量子计算中提高精度

Using copies to improve precision in continuous-time quantum computing

论文作者

Bennett, Jemma, Callison, Adam, O'Leary, Tom, West, Mia, Chancellor, Nicholas, Kendon, Viv

论文摘要

在量子优化设置中,我们建立在Young等人[PRA 88,062314,2013]引入的方案上,其中编码为Ising Spin Hamiltonian的多个副本中的物理Qubits链接在一起,以增加逻辑系统的误差。我们介绍了几项可显着改善该计划的创新。首先,我们注意到,在计算结束时只需要正确的副本,因为可以有效地检查解决方案质量。其次,我们发现铁磁链接通常在此“一个正确的副本”设置中没有帮助,但是抗铁磁链路平均可以通过抑制所有副本上存在相同错误的机会来帮助您。第三,我们发现,通过抵消由误差引起的自旋 - 填充液,最小强度的抗铁磁连接表现最好。我们已经在Callison等人[NJP 21,123022,2019]的旋转眼镜的小实例上进行了数值测试,我们发现了包括挫败感的三个或更多副本中的三个或更多副本的误差耐受性。被解释为有效的精度增加,我们获得了三角形连接的三个副本的额外精度。这提供了一种超出硬件精确限制的量子退火方法的概念验证,这是在这种情况下迈向容错的一步。

In the quantum optimisation setting, we build on a scheme introduced by Young et al [PRA 88, 062314, 2013], where physical qubits in multiple copies of a problem encoded into an Ising spin Hamiltonian are linked together to increase the logical system's robustness to error. We introduce several innovations that improve this scheme significantly. First, we note that only one copy needs to be correct by the end of the computation, since solution quality can be checked efficiently. Second, we find that ferromagnetic links do not generally help in this "one correct copy" setting, but anti-ferromagnetic links do help on average, by suppressing the chance of the same error being present on all of the copies. Third, we find that minimum-strength anti-ferromagnetic links perform best, by counteracting the spin-flips induced by the errors. We have numerically tested our innovations on small instances of spin glasses from Callison et al [NJP 21, 123022, 2019], and we find improved error tolerance for three or more copies in configurations that include frustration. Interpreted as an effective precision increase, we obtain several extra bits of precision for three copies connected in a triangle. This provides proof-of-concept of a method for scaling quantum annealing beyond the precision limits of hardware, a step towards fault tolerance in this setting.

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