论文标题
私人合成分类数据的实用性和披露风险
Utility and Disclosure Risk for Differentially Private Synthetic Categorical Data
论文作者
论文摘要
本文介绍了创建差异私有(DP)合成数据的两种方法,这些方法现在已合并到\ textbf {r}的\ textIt {synthpop}软件包中。两者都适合合成分类数据,或分组为类别的数字数据。具有不同特征的十个数据集用于评估方法。定义并计算出披露性和实用程序的度量是第一个方法是将DP噪声添加到所有变量的交叉表中,并通过从结果概率中通过多项式样本创建合成数据。尽管此方法肯定降低了披露风险,但它没有为任何数据集提供足够质量的合成数据。另一种方法是创建一组嘈杂的边缘分布,这些分布彼此互相迭代比例拟合算法,然后使用上述拟合概率。事实证明,这可以为大多数这些数据集提供可用的合成数据,该数据集的差异隐私参数$ε$低至0.5。为每个数据集说明了披露风险与$ε$之间的关系。结果表明,披露性和数据实用程序之间的权衡取决于数据集的特征。
This paper introduces two methods of creating differentially private (DP) synthetic data that are now incorporated into the \textit{synthpop} package for \textbf{R}. Both are suitable for synthesising categorical data, or numeric data grouped into categories. Ten data sets with varying characteristics were used to evaluate the methods. Measures of disclosiveness and of utility were defined and calculated The first method is to add DP noise to a cross tabulation of all the variables and create synthetic data by a multinomial sample from the resulting probabilities. While this method certainly reduced disclosure risk, it did not provide synthetic data of adequate quality for any of the data sets. The other method is to create a set of noisy marginal distributions that are made to agree with each other with an iterative proportional fitting algorithm and then to use the fitted probabilities as above. This proved to provide useable synthetic data for most of these data sets at values of the differentially privacy parameter $ε$ as low as 0.5. The relationship between the disclosure risk and $ε$ is illustrated for each of the data sets. Results show how the trade-off between disclosiveness and data utility depend on the characteristics of the data sets.