论文标题

F3B:一个低空区块链体系结构,具有每次横幅的前进保护

F3B: A Low-Overhead Blockchain Architecture with Per-Transaction Front-Running Protection

论文作者

Zhang, Haoqian, Merino, Louis-Henri, Qu, Ziyan, Bastankhah, Mahsa, Estrada-Galinanes, Vero, Ford, Bryan

论文摘要

自分散融资的出现以来,从待处理交易的高级知识中受益的前进攻击就在区块链空间中增殖。前跑会给诚实的参与者造成毁灭性的损失,并继续危害生态系统的公平性。我们提出了Flash Freezing Flash Boys(F3B),这是一种区块链架构,使用阈值密码学来解决前进攻击。在F3B中,用户生成了一个对称键来加密交易,一旦基本共识层完成了交易,一个分散的秘密管理委员会揭示了这一关键。 F3B减轻了前进的攻击,因为在共识小组最终确定之前,对手无法再读取交易的内容,从而阻止对手从待处理交易的先进知识中受益。与其他缓解系统不同,F3B可以正确确保通过采用人均保护,即使有重大延迟,所有未完成的交易也仍然私密。此外,F3B解决了执行层的前跑;因此,我们的解决方案与基本共识算法不可知,并且与现有的智能合约兼容。我们用修改后的执行层在以太坊上评估了F3b,并发现交易延迟的增加(0.026%)的增加,特别是由于交易完成后与128人组成的秘密管理委员会的运行阈值解密;这表明F3B既实用又低成本。

Front-running attacks, which benefit from advanced knowledge of pending transactions, have proliferated in the blockchain space since the emergence of decentralized finance. Front-running causes devastating losses to honest participants and continues to endanger the fairness of the ecosystem. We present Flash Freezing Flash Boys (F3B), a blockchain architecture that addresses front-running attacks by using threshold cryptography. In F3B, a user generates a symmetric key to encrypt their transaction, and once the underlying consensus layer has finalized the transaction, a decentralized secret-management committee reveals this key. F3B mitigates front-running attacks because, before the consensus group finalizes it, an adversary can no longer read the content of a transaction, thus preventing the adversary from benefiting from advanced knowledge of pending transactions. Unlike other mitigation systems, F3B properly ensures that all unfinalized transactions, even with significant delays, remain private by adopting per-transaction protection. Furthermore, F3B addresses front-running at the execution layer; thus, our solution is agnostic to the underlying consensus algorithm and compatible with existing smart contracts. We evaluated F3B on Ethereum with a modified execution layer and found only a negligible (0.026%) increase in transaction latency, specifically due to running threshold decryption with a 128-member secret-management committee after a transaction is finalized; this indicates that F3B is both practical and low-cost.

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