论文标题
二维量子涡流的相互摩擦和扩散
Mutual friction and diffusion of two-dimensional quantum vortices
论文作者
论文摘要
我们提出了扁原子超流体中热阻尼涡流运动的微观开放量子系统理论，其中包括先前被忽略的超氟和热原子之间的能量阻尼相互作用。该机制强烈地伴随着涡旋核心运动，并导致由于相互摩擦而引起的涡流能量以及由于热波动而引起的涡流运动。我们得出了无量纲相互摩擦系数的分析表达式，该表达与实验测量值没有任何拟合参数提供了极好的定量一致性。我们的工作缩小了耗散理论和实验之间的现有两个数量级差距，以前用拟合参数桥接，并为二维原子超级流体中量化涡流的相互摩擦和扩散提供了微观起源。
We present a microscopic open quantum systems theory of thermally-damped vortex motion in oblate atomic superfluids that includes previously neglected energy-damping interactions between superfluid and thermal atoms. This mechanism couples strongly to vortex core motion and causes dissipation of vortex energy due to mutual friction, as well as Brownian motion of vortices due to thermal fluctuations. We derive an analytic expression for the dimensionless mutual friction coefficient that gives excellent quantitative agreement with experimentally measured values, without any fitted parameters. Our work closes an existing two orders of magnitude gap between dissipation theory and experiments, previously bridged by fitted parameters, and provides a microscopic origin for the mutual friction and diffusion of quantized vortices in two-dimensional atomic superfluids.
