论文标题
认知无线电资源分配问题变体的分支机构和价格方法
A Branch-and-Price Approach to a Variant of the Cognitive Radio Resource Allocation Problem
论文作者
论文摘要
电磁频谱的射频部分是稀缺的资源。认知无线电技术已成为克服频谱稀缺瓶颈的有前途解决方案。通过这项技术,二级用户(SUS)感觉到了来自主要用户(PU)的频谱机会,并有机会地利用这些(暂时)闲置的部分(称为频谱孔)。在此对应关系中,我们考虑了Martinovic等人提出的认知无线电资源分配问题的变体。在2017年。此版本的问题的显着特征是,每个SU由于其硬件限制而施加了要求,即要进行聚集的光谱孔不能彼此任意远。我们将此限制称为最大聚合范围(MAR)约束,并将问题的这种变体称为MAR约束孔分配问题。该问题可以正式化为NP-HARD组合优化问题。我们向问题提出了一种新型的二进制整数线性编程(ILP)公式。此公式中约束的数量是光谱孔的数量以及SUS的数量。另一方面,公式中的二进制决策变量数量可能非常大,因为对于每个SU的每个合法频谱分配,都需要一个变量。我们提出一个分支机构(B&P)框架来应对这一挑战。实际上,该框架是一个分支和结合的过程,在该过程中,在搜索树的每个节点上,我们使用所谓的(延迟)列生成技术来求解相应的子问题的LP松弛。如数值结果所证明的那样,LP松弛范围非常紧。这允许对搜索空间进行非常有效的修剪。与先前建议的配方相比,所提出的技术可能需要更少的计算工作。
Radio-frequency portion of the electromagnetic spectrum is a scarce resource. Cognitive radio technology has emerged as a promising solution to overcome the spectrum scarcity bottleneck. Through this technology, secondary users (SUs) sense the spectrum opportunities free from primary users (PUs), and opportunistically take advantage of these (temporarily) idle portions, known as spectrum holes. In this correspondence, we consider a variant of the cognitive radio resource allocation problem posed by Martinovic et al. in 2017. The distinguishing feature of this version of the problem is that each SU, due to its hardware limitations, imposes the requirement that the to-be-aggregated spectrum holes cannot be arbitrarily far from each other. We call this restriction as the Maximal Aggregation Range (MAR) constraint, and refer to this variant of the problem as the MAR-constrained hole assignment problem. The problem can be formalized as an NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem. We propose a novel binary integer linear programming (ILP) formulation to the problem. The number of constraints in this formulation is the number of spectrum holes plus the number of SUs. On the other hand, the number of binary decision variables in the formulation can be prohibitively large, as for each legitimate spectrum allocation to each SU, one variable is needed. We propose a branch-and-price (B&P) framework to tackle this challenge. This framework is in fact a branch-and-bound procedure in which at each node of the search tree, we utilize the so-called (delayed) column generation technique for solving the LP relaxation of the corresponding subproblem. As evidenced by the numerical results, the LP relaxation bounds are very tight. This allows for a very effective pruning of the search space. Compared to the previously suggested formulations, the proposed technique can require much less computational effort.