论文标题
重离子碰撞及以后的手性磁效应
Chiral magnetic effect in heavy ion collisions and beyond
论文作者
论文摘要
手性是现代科学中普遍存在的概念，从粒子物理学到生物学。在量子物理学中，手性异常与仪表场的拓扑拓扑有关。虽然手性异常通常与田间理论中的短途行为有关，但近年来，人们已经意识到它也会影响带有手性费米子的系统的宏观行为。特别是，在存在磁场的情况下，左手和右手式费米子之间的局部失衡会引起电荷的非疾病转运（“手性磁效应”，CME）。在沉重的离子碰撞中，在相对论重离子对撞机上正在持续寻找这种效果，这是最近出现的专用Isobar运行的结果。在重离子碰撞中对CME的观察可能会阐明早期宇宙中重子不对称的机理。最近，CME在具有手性准粒子的Dirac和Weyl半法中发现了CME。该观察结果为通往量子传感器的路径开辟了道路，并可能是一种新型的量子计算机。
Chirality is a ubiquitous concept in modern science, from particle physics to biology. In quantum physics, chirality of fermions is linked to topology of gauge fields by the chiral anomaly. While the chiral anomaly is usually associated with the short-distance behavior in field theory, in recent years it has been realized that it also affects the macroscopic behavior of systems with chiral fermions. In particular, the local imbalance between left- and right-handed fermions in the presence of a magnetic field induces non-dissipative transport of electric charge ("the Chiral Magnetic Effect", CME). In heavy ion collisions, there is an ongoing search for this effect at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, with results from a dedicated isobar run presented very recently. An observation of CME in heavy ion collisions could shed light on the mechanism of baryon asymmetry generation in the Early Universe. Recently, the CME has been discovered in Dirac and Weyl semimetals possessing chiral quasi-particles. This observation opens a path towards quantum sensors, and potentially a new kind of quantum computers.
