论文标题
非平衡热力学的温度不确定性关系
Temperature uncertainty relation in non-equilibrium thermodynamics
论文作者
论文摘要
量子系统在规范集合中的温度不确定性取决于其能量波动，这被称为温度能量不确定性关系。对于非平衡开放量子系统，未发现这种不确定性关系。在本文中，我们得出了一般非平衡过程的通用温度不确定性关系。我们发现，这是热的波动，它被定义为浴能的变化，决定了非平衡情况下的温度不确定性。具体而言，将热量分为轨迹热和反向热，这些热量与系统的进化轨迹和系统上的部分测量轨迹有关。基于这种分解，我们揭示了系统与BATH的过程函数和状态功能之间的相关性是提高温度精度的资源。我们的发现是设计超高敏感量子温度计的导电。
Temperature uncertainty of a quantum system in canonical ensemble is inversely determined by its energy fluctuation, which is known as the temperature-energy uncertainty relation. No such uncertainty relation was discovered for a non-equilibrium open quantum system. In this article, we derive a universal temperature uncertainty relation for general non-equilibrium processes. We find that it is the fluctuation of heat, which is defined as the change in bath energy, determines the temperature uncertainty in non-equilibrium case. Specifically, the heat is divided into trajectory heat and backaction heat, which are associated with the system's trajectory of evolution and the backaction of partial measurement on system, respectively. Based on this decomposition, we reveal that both correlations between system and bath's process function and state function are the resources for enhancing temperature precision. Our findings are conductive to design ultrahigh sensitive quantum thermometer.
