论文标题

Møller四元引力理论对宇宙学的非平局和非扩展热力学作用

Non-flat and non-Extensive Thermodynamic Effects of Møller tetradic theory of gravitation on cosmology

论文作者

Nashed, G. G. L., Shafeek, A. T.

论文摘要

在Mølller的四二元理论(MTT)的背景下,我们使用创建非Friedmann-Robertson-Walker(FRW)指标的非平局引力的背景下,为两种情况(即灰尘和辐射)得出了非平淡的宇宙学模型。这两个模型受到特征MTT的自由尺寸参数$λ$的影响,该参数在两个模型的平面外壳中接近零。使用热力学的标准定义,我们计算了宇宙学框架中非平局模型的半径范围,鹰温度和熵,并显示了$λ$对开放和封闭的宇宙的影响。然后,我们使用热力学的第一定律通过非扩展的热力学方法来构建非平板宇宙学模型。所得模型受$λ$和广泛参数$δ$的影响,该参数量化了非扩展热力学的效果。当我们设置时,$λ= 0 $和$δ= 1 $,我们返回爱因斯坦的一般相对模型。我们研究了在存在无碰撞的非权威性物质的情况下模型的演变,并描述了限制非扩展热力学参数的暗能量密度和状态参数方程的精确形式。我们表明,非扩展热力学参数的插入以与正常热力学下观察到的相差明显不同的方式影响非平板FRW宇宙。我们还表明,开放宇宙的减速在未来时期的黑暗能量,即红移接近-1时,即$ z \ $ -1。

We derive non-flat cosmological models for two cases (i.e., dust and radiation) in the context of Møller's tetradic theory (MTT) of gravitation using the tetrad that creates the non-flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) metric. These two models are affected by the free dimensional parameter, $λ$, that characterized MTT, which approaches zero in the flat case for both models. Using standard definitions of thermodynamics, we calculate the radius horizon, Hawking temperature, and entropy of our non-flat models in the framework of cosmology and show the effect of $λ$ on open and closed universes. We then use the first law of thermodynamics to construct non-flat cosmological models via the non-extensive thermodynamic approach. The resulting models are affected by $λ$ and the extensive parameter, $δ$, which quantifies the effect of non-extensive thermodynamics. When we set, $λ=0$ and $δ=1$, we return to Einstein's general relativity models. We study the evolution of our models in the presence of collisionless non-relativistic matter and describe precise forms of the dark energy density and equation-of-state parameter constraining the non-extensive thermodynamic parameter. We show that insertion of the non-extensive thermodynamic parameter affects the non-flat FRW universe in a manner that noticeably differs from that observed under normal thermodynamics. We also show that the deceleration of the open universe behaves as dark energy in a future epoch, i.e., when the redshift approaches -1, i.e., $z\approx$-1.

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