论文标题
离轴失控的电子形成，生长和抑制
Off-axis runaway-electron seed formation, growth and suppression
论文作者
论文摘要
新颖的X射线检测技术实现了在麦迪逊对称圆环的静止研究期间，在Tokamaks边缘的失控电子（RES）的出生和生长动力学的第一个轮廓测量。与理论和模拟一致的低能，空心的流参数和大型电场（$ e _ {\ e _ {\ e _ {\ e_ {\ e _ {\ e _ {\ e _ {\ e _ {\ e _ {\ e _ {d} $），已解决了具有线性生长速率的离轴RE种子的形成。次级指数增长率也首次在空间上解决，并且与对对流的货钉的对流运输和高达$ 10^3 \ times t_ t_ {e，0} $一致。证明数值模拟可以重现实验观察结果，包括核心的离轴失控电子产生，径向运输和指数增长，以及由于$ M = 3 $谐振的磁扰动而引起的抑制。
Novel x-ray detection technology enabled the first profile measurements of the birth and growth dynamics of runaway electrons (REs) at the edge of tokamaks during quiescent RE studies at the Madison Symmetric Torus. The formation of an off-axis RE seed with linear growth rates has been resolved for low energies, a hollow streaming parameter and large electric fields ($E_{\parallel}/E_{D}$) in agreement with theory and simulations. Secondary exponential growth rates have also been spatially resolved for the first time and are consistent with a convective transport of the order of the Ware pinch and energies up to $10^3\times T_{e,0}$. Numerical simulations are shown to reproduce the experimental observations including the off-axis runaway electron generation, radial transport and exponential growth at the core, as well as suppression due to $m=3$ resonant magnetic perturbations.
