论文标题
Wo-Type Wolf-Rayet Stars:大型明星Evolution的最后一次欢呼
WO-Type Wolf-Rayet Stars: the Last Hurrah of Massive Star Evolution
论文作者
论文摘要
WO-Type Wolf Rayet(WR)在核心爆发前大规模恒星进化的最后阶段是否是明星?尽管WC-和WO-Type WR具有非常相似的光谱,但WOS显示出更强的O VI $λλ$ 3811,34发射线功能。这通常被解释为意味着WOS比WC富含氧气,因此进一步发展。但是,以前的研究未能对这条线进行建模,使相对丰度不确定以及两种类型之间的关系尚未解决。为了回答这个基本问题,我们使用UV,光学和NIR光谱在LMC中建模了六个WC和2个WO,并使用辐射传输代码CMFGEN建模,以确定其物理性能。我们发现WOS的氧气不足。相反,O VI功能对丰度不敏感。但是,WOS的碳含量明显高于WC,因此进一步发展。我们与单星Geneva和二进制BPASS进化模型的结果比较表明,尽管许多属性匹配,但WOS中的碳和氧气多于任何一组进化模型的预测。这种差异可能是由于$^{12} $ c+$^4 $ he $ \ rightarrow^{16} $ o核反应率的巨大不确定性;我们表明,如果Kunz等人。速率降低了25-50%,然后与观测值匹配。这也将有助于解释GAP中质量的黑洞的LIGO/处女座检测。
Are WO-type Wolf Rayet (WR) stars in the final stage of massive star evolution before core-collapse? Although WC- and WO-type WRs have very similar spectra, WOs show a much stronger O VI $λλ$3811,34 emission-line feature. This has usually been interpreted to mean that WOs are more oxygen rich than WCs, and thus further evolved. However, previous studies have failed to model this line, leaving the relative abundances uncertain, and the relationship between the two types unresolved. To answer this fundamental question, we modeled six WCs and two WOs in the LMC using UV, optical, and NIR spectra with the radiative transfer code CMFGEN in order to determine their physical properties. We find that WOs are not richer in oxygen; rather, the O VI feature is insensitive to the abundance. However, the WOs have a significantly higher carbon and lower helium content than the WCs, and hence are further evolved. A comparison of our results with single-star Geneva and binary BPASS evolutionary models show that while many properties match, there is more carbon and less oxygen in the WOs than either set of evolutionary model predicts. This discrepancy may be due to the large uncertainty in the $^{12}$C+$^4$He$\rightarrow^{16}$O nuclear reaction rate; we show that if the Kunz et al. rate is decreased by a factor of 25-50%, then there would be a good match with the observations. It would also help explain the LIGO/VIRGO detection of black holes whose masses are in the theoretical upper mass gap.