论文标题
使用Lie-Point对称性的非平面二极管的空间充电限量的电流密度
Space-charge-limited current density for nonplanar diodes with monoenergetic emission using Lie-point symmetries
论文作者
论文摘要
了解空间充电有限的电流密度(SCLCD)从根本上和实际上对于表征许多高功率和高电流真空设备而言很重要。尽管如此,尚未针对第一个原理的非平面二极管得出了具有非零单词初始速度的SCLCD的分析方程。获得非平面几何形状的SCLCD的分析方程通常会因问题的非线性和过度约束边界条件而变得复杂。在这封信中,我们使用通过识别Lie-Point对称性获得的规范坐标来线性化处理微分方程来为任何正交二极管提供SCLCD。使用此方法,我们以单维圆柱形,球形,尖端(T-T)和尖端对板(T-p)二极管的单位注射速度来得出SCLCD的精确分析方程。我们特别证明,从零初始速度到单能发射的校正因子仅取决于初始动力学和电势能,而不取决于二极管几何形状,并且当将SCLCD绘制为规范间隙大小的函数时,SCLCD是通用的。我们还表明,T-P二极管的SCLCD比独立于注射速度的T-T二极管大四个。结果使用变分积分和共形映射将零初始速度的先前得出结果降低。
Understanding space-charge limited current density (SCLCD) is fundamentally and practically important for characterizing many high-power and high-current vacuum devices. Despite this, no analytic equations for SCLCD with nonzero monoenergetic initial velocity have been derived for nonplanar diodes from first principles. Obtaining analytic equations for SCLCD for nonplanar geometries is often complicated by the nonlinearity of the problem and over constrained boundary conditions. In this letter, we use the canonical coordinates obtained by identifying Lie-point symmetries to linearize the governing differential equations to derive SCLCD for any orthogonal diode. Using this method, we derive exact analytic equations for SCLCD with a monoenergetic injection velocity for one-dimensional cylindrical, spherical, tip-to-tip (t-t), and tip-to-plate (t-p) diodes. We specifically demonstrate that the correction factor from zero initial velocity to monoenergetic emission depends only on the initial kinetic and electric potential energies and not on the diode geometry and that SCLCD is universal when plotted as a function of the canonical gap size. We also show that SCLCD for a t-p diode is a factor of four larger than a t-t diode independent of injection velocity. The results reduce to previously derived results for zero initial velocity using variational calculus and conformal mapping.