论文标题
主动化学反应和相分离的相互交织物理学
The intertwined physics of active chemical reactions and phase separation
论文作者
论文摘要
相位分离是热力学过程，该过程解释了多组分流体中的液滴如何形成。这些液滴可以提供受控的隔室来定位化学反应，并且反应也会影响液滴的动力学。这篇综述着重于相位分离与源自热力学约束的化学反应之间的紧密相互作用。特别是，简单的质量作用动力学无法描述化学反应，因为相分离需要非理想的流体。取而代之的是，热力学意味着被动化学反应降低了相图的复杂性，仅提供对系统行为的有限控制。但是，使用外部能量输入来产生空间通量的驱动的化学反应可以规避热力学约束。这样的活性系统可以抑制典型的液滴变高，控制液滴尺寸和定位液滴。这篇综述提供了一个可扩展的框架，用于描述相位分离系统中的主动化学反应，这构成了改善技术应用中控制并理解生物细胞中自组织结构的基础。
Phase separation is the thermodynamic process that explains how droplets form in multicomponent fluids. These droplets can provide controlled compartments to localize chemical reactions, and reactions can also affect the droplets' dynamics. This review focuses on the tight interplay between phase separation and chemical reactions originating from thermodynamic constraints. In particular, simple mass action kinetics cannot describe chemical reactions since phase separation requires non-ideal fluids. Instead, thermodynamics implies that passive chemical reactions reduce the complexity of phase diagrams and provide only limited control over the system's behavior. However, driven chemical reactions, which use external energy input to create spatial fluxes, can circumvent thermodynamic constraints. Such active systems can suppress the typical droplet coarsening, control droplet size, and localize droplets. This review provides an extensible framework for describing active chemical reactions in phase separating systems, which forms a basis for improving control in technical applications and understanding self-organized structures in biological cells.
